Kick-Starting Wound Healing: A Review of Pro-Healing Drugs

Kick-Starting Wound Healing: A Review of Pro-Healing Drugs

21 January 2024 | Bethany L. Patenall, Kristyn A. Carter and Matthew R. Ramsey
This review discusses the current understanding of pro-healing drugs that promote wound healing in both normal and chronic wounds. Wound healing involves four stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation/repair, and remodeling. While healthy wounds typically heal in 4-6 weeks, chronic wounds can persist for longer or fail to heal due to underlying conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and venous/arterial insufficiency. Despite advances in wound dressings and surgical techniques, effective therapeutics that directly promote healing remain limited. Only Becaplermin, approved by the FDA, has been shown to significantly improve wound closure in clinical trials. The review examines various pro-healing treatments, including natural products like antibiotics, silver, medicinal honey, curcumin, aloe vera, and birch bark. These treatments have shown potential in promoting wound healing through antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and pro-proliferative effects. Human-derived factors such as mesenchymal stem cells, macrophages, and collagenase have also been explored for their roles in wound healing. Pharmaceutical drugs like PDGF (Becaplermin), phenytoin, vitamin A/retinoids, hypochlorous acid, pentoxifylline, and metformin have shown promise in improving wound healing, though their mechanisms and efficacy vary. Chronic wounds often fail to progress through the healing stages, leading to persistent inflammation, reduced keratinocyte migration, and the presence of bacterial biofilms. These factors hinder healing and increase the risk of amputation. The review highlights the need for new approaches to understand and target the underlying mechanisms of chronic wound healing. Current treatments are limited, and further research is needed to develop more effective therapies that can improve outcomes for patients with chronic wounds. The review also emphasizes the importance of developing targeted therapies with precise spatial and temporal drug delivery to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize systemic side effects.This review discusses the current understanding of pro-healing drugs that promote wound healing in both normal and chronic wounds. Wound healing involves four stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation/repair, and remodeling. While healthy wounds typically heal in 4-6 weeks, chronic wounds can persist for longer or fail to heal due to underlying conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and venous/arterial insufficiency. Despite advances in wound dressings and surgical techniques, effective therapeutics that directly promote healing remain limited. Only Becaplermin, approved by the FDA, has been shown to significantly improve wound closure in clinical trials. The review examines various pro-healing treatments, including natural products like antibiotics, silver, medicinal honey, curcumin, aloe vera, and birch bark. These treatments have shown potential in promoting wound healing through antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and pro-proliferative effects. Human-derived factors such as mesenchymal stem cells, macrophages, and collagenase have also been explored for their roles in wound healing. Pharmaceutical drugs like PDGF (Becaplermin), phenytoin, vitamin A/retinoids, hypochlorous acid, pentoxifylline, and metformin have shown promise in improving wound healing, though their mechanisms and efficacy vary. Chronic wounds often fail to progress through the healing stages, leading to persistent inflammation, reduced keratinocyte migration, and the presence of bacterial biofilms. These factors hinder healing and increase the risk of amputation. The review highlights the need for new approaches to understand and target the underlying mechanisms of chronic wound healing. Current treatments are limited, and further research is needed to develop more effective therapies that can improve outcomes for patients with chronic wounds. The review also emphasizes the importance of developing targeted therapies with precise spatial and temporal drug delivery to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize systemic side effects.
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