Kirkendall effect-induced uniform stress distribution stabilizes nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes

Kirkendall effect-induced uniform stress distribution stabilizes nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes

19 February 2024 | Ziyao Gao, Chenglong Zhao, Kai Zhou, Junru Wu, Yao Tian, Xianming Deng, Lihan Zhang, Kui Lin, Feiyu Kang, Lele Peng, Marnix Wagemaker & Baohua Li
A novel strategy using the Kirkendall effect to uniformize stress distribution in nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes is presented. This method involves heterogeneous nucleation of exotic metal/metalloid oxides (e.g., Al₂O₃ or SiO₂) to promote preferential growth of precursor particles. After calcination, the resulting cathode material exhibits a central Kirkendall void and an Al-enriched interior structure, which helps stabilize the core region during electrochemical cycling. The material demonstrates superior structural and electrochemical reversibility, achieving a high specific energy density of 660 Wh kg⁻¹ after 500 cycles with a retention rate of 86%. The uniform stress distribution prevents crack formation, enhancing the mechanical stability and cycling performance of the cathode. The study highlights the importance of stress uniformity in addressing structural instability in nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes. The approach is applicable to various Ni-rich cathode materials, including those with different compositions, and shows promising results in improving electrochemical performance and structural stability. The developed synthesis method enables the creation of high-performance cathode materials with enhanced mechanical properties and cycling stability.A novel strategy using the Kirkendall effect to uniformize stress distribution in nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes is presented. This method involves heterogeneous nucleation of exotic metal/metalloid oxides (e.g., Al₂O₃ or SiO₂) to promote preferential growth of precursor particles. After calcination, the resulting cathode material exhibits a central Kirkendall void and an Al-enriched interior structure, which helps stabilize the core region during electrochemical cycling. The material demonstrates superior structural and electrochemical reversibility, achieving a high specific energy density of 660 Wh kg⁻¹ after 500 cycles with a retention rate of 86%. The uniform stress distribution prevents crack formation, enhancing the mechanical stability and cycling performance of the cathode. The study highlights the importance of stress uniformity in addressing structural instability in nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes. The approach is applicable to various Ni-rich cathode materials, including those with different compositions, and shows promising results in improving electrochemical performance and structural stability. The developed synthesis method enables the creation of high-performance cathode materials with enhanced mechanical properties and cycling stability.
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[slides and audio] Kirkendall effect-induced uniform stress distribution stabilizes nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes