Kirkendall effect-induced uniform stress distribution stabilizes nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes

Kirkendall effect-induced uniform stress distribution stabilizes nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes

19 February 2024 | Ziyu Gao, Chenglong Zhao, Kai Zhou, Junru Wu, Yao Tian, Xianming Deng, Lihan Zhang, Kui Lin, Feiyu Kang, Lele Peng, Marnix Wagemaker, Baohua Li
The study addresses the mechanical failure of nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes during (de)lithiation, a common issue in lithium-ion batteries. The authors introduce a novel strategy to uniformize stress distribution in secondary particles using the Kirkendall effect, which involves introducing exotic metal/metalloid oxides (such as Al₂O₃ or SiO₂) as heterogeneous nucleation seeds. This method generates a dopant-rich interior structure with a central Kirkendall void, leading to improved structural and electrochemical reversibility. The resulting cathode material exhibits a high specific energy density of 660 Wh kg⁻¹ after 500 cycles with an 86% retention rate. The uniform stress distribution and the formation of a central void in the cathode material effectively inhibit crack formation, enhancing the mechanical integrity and cycle stability of the cathode. The study suggests that this approach can be applied to a wide range of nickel-rich layered oxide cathode materials, offering a promising solution to the structural instability issue.The study addresses the mechanical failure of nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes during (de)lithiation, a common issue in lithium-ion batteries. The authors introduce a novel strategy to uniformize stress distribution in secondary particles using the Kirkendall effect, which involves introducing exotic metal/metalloid oxides (such as Al₂O₃ or SiO₂) as heterogeneous nucleation seeds. This method generates a dopant-rich interior structure with a central Kirkendall void, leading to improved structural and electrochemical reversibility. The resulting cathode material exhibits a high specific energy density of 660 Wh kg⁻¹ after 500 cycles with an 86% retention rate. The uniform stress distribution and the formation of a central void in the cathode material effectively inhibit crack formation, enhancing the mechanical integrity and cycle stability of the cathode. The study suggests that this approach can be applied to a wide range of nickel-rich layered oxide cathode materials, offering a promising solution to the structural instability issue.
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Understanding Kirkendall effect-induced uniform stress distribution stabilizes nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes