Knowledge translation (KT) is the process of transferring research findings into practice and policy to improve healthcare. Despite significant investment in healthcare research, there is a persistent gap between research and practice, leading to suboptimal patient outcomes and unnecessary healthcare costs. This paper summarizes current concepts and evidence to guide KT activities, defined as T2 research, which translates clinical knowledge into improved health. The article addresses five key questions: what should be transferred, to whom, by whom, how, and with what effect. The basic unit of KT should be up-to-date systematic reviews or other syntheses of research findings. Knowledge translators must identify key messages for different audiences and present them in accessible formats. The importance of KT varies by audience and research type. Many KT models exist, but success is more likely when strategies are informed by an assessment of barriers and facilitators. While evidence on the effectiveness of strategies is incomplete, there are numerous systematic reviews of interventions for healthcare professionals and consumers. For policy makers and senior managers, the evidence base is weaker, but innovative approaches are emerging. KT strategies include printed educational materials, educational meetings, educational outreach, local opinion leaders, audit and feedback, reminders, tailored interventions, and multifaceted interventions. Each strategy has varying effectiveness, with some showing more promise than others. For consumers, KT strategies focus on communication, behavior change, and education. For policy makers, strategies include using systematic reviews, engaging in policy networks, and using tailored messages. The paper highlights the need for both technological and organizational components of KT infrastructure to ensure effective and sustainable translation of research into practice and policy. The SUPPORT tools provide a framework for evidence-informed policymaking, emphasizing the identification, appraisal, and use of research evidence. Overall, the paper underscores the importance of tailoring KT strategies to the needs of different stakeholders and the need for further research to evaluate the effectiveness of various approaches.Knowledge translation (KT) is the process of transferring research findings into practice and policy to improve healthcare. Despite significant investment in healthcare research, there is a persistent gap between research and practice, leading to suboptimal patient outcomes and unnecessary healthcare costs. This paper summarizes current concepts and evidence to guide KT activities, defined as T2 research, which translates clinical knowledge into improved health. The article addresses five key questions: what should be transferred, to whom, by whom, how, and with what effect. The basic unit of KT should be up-to-date systematic reviews or other syntheses of research findings. Knowledge translators must identify key messages for different audiences and present them in accessible formats. The importance of KT varies by audience and research type. Many KT models exist, but success is more likely when strategies are informed by an assessment of barriers and facilitators. While evidence on the effectiveness of strategies is incomplete, there are numerous systematic reviews of interventions for healthcare professionals and consumers. For policy makers and senior managers, the evidence base is weaker, but innovative approaches are emerging. KT strategies include printed educational materials, educational meetings, educational outreach, local opinion leaders, audit and feedback, reminders, tailored interventions, and multifaceted interventions. Each strategy has varying effectiveness, with some showing more promise than others. For consumers, KT strategies focus on communication, behavior change, and education. For policy makers, strategies include using systematic reviews, engaging in policy networks, and using tailored messages. The paper highlights the need for both technological and organizational components of KT infrastructure to ensure effective and sustainable translation of research into practice and policy. The SUPPORT tools provide a framework for evidence-informed policymaking, emphasizing the identification, appraisal, and use of research evidence. Overall, the paper underscores the importance of tailoring KT strategies to the needs of different stakeholders and the need for further research to evaluate the effectiveness of various approaches.