LOX-1, also known as ORL-1 or lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that binds and internalizes oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) in foam cells. It belongs to the scavenger receptor (SR) family and is crucial in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the intimal layer of the endothelium. These plaques can evolve into thrombi, leading to partial or total obstruction of blood vessels and myocardial ischemia. LOX-1 is involved in various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. The review discusses the molecular characteristics, polymorphisms, and isoforms of LOX-1, as well as its physiological and pathological functions. LOX-1 plays a central role in the development of atherosclerosis by facilitating ox-LDL uptake and forming foam cells. It is also implicated in vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. The review highlights the importance of LOX-1 in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and suggests potential therapeutic targets, such as LOX-1 inhibitors, gene therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Dyslipidemia is identified as a significant trigger for LOX-1 expression and atherosclerosis, and the review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive overview of LOX-1's role in cardiovascular diseases and its potential as a therapeutic target.LOX-1, also known as ORL-1 or lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that binds and internalizes oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) in foam cells. It belongs to the scavenger receptor (SR) family and is crucial in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the intimal layer of the endothelium. These plaques can evolve into thrombi, leading to partial or total obstruction of blood vessels and myocardial ischemia. LOX-1 is involved in various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. The review discusses the molecular characteristics, polymorphisms, and isoforms of LOX-1, as well as its physiological and pathological functions. LOX-1 plays a central role in the development of atherosclerosis by facilitating ox-LDL uptake and forming foam cells. It is also implicated in vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. The review highlights the importance of LOX-1 in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and suggests potential therapeutic targets, such as LOX-1 inhibitors, gene therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Dyslipidemia is identified as a significant trigger for LOX-1 expression and atherosclerosis, and the review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive overview of LOX-1's role in cardiovascular diseases and its potential as a therapeutic target.