This study investigates the effects of *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* GG (LGG) on hyperuricemia (HUA) in a novel goose model. HUA is a metabolic syndrome characterized by abnormal purine metabolism, and recent studies have linked gut microbiota to gout. The researchers constructed an HUA model in geese using a high calcium and protein (HCP) diet, which induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and disrupted purine metabolism. They found that LGG administration and its metabolites alleviated HUA through the gut-liver-kidney axis. Key genes involved in nucleoside and purine degradation, such as *ABCT*, *iunH*, and *pbux*, were identified and their functions were validated. Multi-omics analysis revealed that the *Lactobacillus* genus is associated with changes in purine metabolism in HUA. LGG and proline were shown to reduce serum uric acid levels and alleviate intestinal, hepatic, and renal dysfunction in vitro. Metagenomic analysis of HUA patients and the goose model showed similar purine metabolism features. The study concludes that LGG and proline could be promising therapies for HUA, and the goose model is a valuable tool for studying diet-induced HUA.This study investigates the effects of *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* GG (LGG) on hyperuricemia (HUA) in a novel goose model. HUA is a metabolic syndrome characterized by abnormal purine metabolism, and recent studies have linked gut microbiota to gout. The researchers constructed an HUA model in geese using a high calcium and protein (HCP) diet, which induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and disrupted purine metabolism. They found that LGG administration and its metabolites alleviated HUA through the gut-liver-kidney axis. Key genes involved in nucleoside and purine degradation, such as *ABCT*, *iunH*, and *pbux*, were identified and their functions were validated. Multi-omics analysis revealed that the *Lactobacillus* genus is associated with changes in purine metabolism in HUA. LGG and proline were shown to reduce serum uric acid levels and alleviate intestinal, hepatic, and renal dysfunction in vitro. Metagenomic analysis of HUA patients and the goose model showed similar purine metabolism features. The study concludes that LGG and proline could be promising therapies for HUA, and the goose model is a valuable tool for studying diet-induced HUA.