The article by Russell D. Gray and Quentin D. Atkinson supports the Anatolian theory of Indo-European origin using computational methods derived from evolutionary biology. They analyzed a matrix of 87 languages with 2,449 lexical items, estimating the initial divergence of Indo-European languages between 7,800 and 9,800 years ago. This range aligns with the Anatolian farming hypothesis, which posits that Indo-European languages spread with the spread of agriculture from Anatolia around 8,000 to 9,500 years ago. The study used likelihood models of lexical evolution, Bayesian inference of phylogeny, and rate smoothing algorithms to account for uncertainties and improve the accuracy of divergence time estimates. The results robustly support the Anatolian theory, suggesting that the spread of Indo-European languages was likely driven by the Neolithic expansion from Anatolia.The article by Russell D. Gray and Quentin D. Atkinson supports the Anatolian theory of Indo-European origin using computational methods derived from evolutionary biology. They analyzed a matrix of 87 languages with 2,449 lexical items, estimating the initial divergence of Indo-European languages between 7,800 and 9,800 years ago. This range aligns with the Anatolian farming hypothesis, which posits that Indo-European languages spread with the spread of agriculture from Anatolia around 8,000 to 9,500 years ago. The study used likelihood models of lexical evolution, Bayesian inference of phylogeny, and rate smoothing algorithms to account for uncertainties and improve the accuracy of divergence time estimates. The results robustly support the Anatolian theory, suggesting that the spread of Indo-European languages was likely driven by the Neolithic expansion from Anatolia.