This study investigates the environmental impacts of larger offshore wind turbines (15 MW) compared to smaller ones (5 MW) in the North Sea. The research uses a high-resolution regional climate model to simulate the effects of replacing 5 MW turbines with 15 MW turbines while maintaining the same total capacity. The results show that larger turbines increase the capacity factor by 2–3%, improving efficiency. However, they have a slightly smaller impact on 10 m wind speed and near-surface kinetic energy, leading to reduced effects on sea surface heat fluxes. The study also finds that larger turbines reduce the impact on air-sea fluxes, which are crucial for ocean dynamics and marine ecosystems. Offshore wind farms are more efficient than onshore ones due to stronger, more consistent winds over the sea. Larger turbines can generate more electricity and reduce the number needed for a given capacity, lowering energy production costs. However, wind farms can create wakes that reduce the efficiency of downwind turbines. The study shows that fewer, larger turbines have a lesser impact on surface wind speed and heat fluxes compared to many smaller turbines. This suggests that larger turbines may be more beneficial for ocean dynamics and marine ecosystems. The study also highlights the importance of considering the environmental and ecological consequences of larger turbines and lower turbine density. The deployment of larger wind turbines can significantly affect the local climate and ecosystem of the North Sea. Therefore, careful planning is essential to mitigate these effects. The research uses a regional climate model to simulate the interactions between offshore wind farms and the boundary layer, as well as the wakes generated by them. The model shows that the impact of wind farms on the atmosphere can reach up to 600 m above the sea surface. The study found that the reduction in wind speed and increase in turbulent kinetic energy in the wake areas can affect the power generation and climate of the region. The study also found that the impact of wind farms on the near-surface climate is significant, with changes in wind speed, temperature, specific humidity, and net surface heat fluxes. The results indicate that larger turbines have a lesser impact on these factors compared to smaller ones. The study concludes that larger offshore wind turbines can have a reduced impact on near-surface wind speed and heat fluxes, which is beneficial for ocean dynamics and marine ecosystems. This supports the EU's goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.This study investigates the environmental impacts of larger offshore wind turbines (15 MW) compared to smaller ones (5 MW) in the North Sea. The research uses a high-resolution regional climate model to simulate the effects of replacing 5 MW turbines with 15 MW turbines while maintaining the same total capacity. The results show that larger turbines increase the capacity factor by 2–3%, improving efficiency. However, they have a slightly smaller impact on 10 m wind speed and near-surface kinetic energy, leading to reduced effects on sea surface heat fluxes. The study also finds that larger turbines reduce the impact on air-sea fluxes, which are crucial for ocean dynamics and marine ecosystems. Offshore wind farms are more efficient than onshore ones due to stronger, more consistent winds over the sea. Larger turbines can generate more electricity and reduce the number needed for a given capacity, lowering energy production costs. However, wind farms can create wakes that reduce the efficiency of downwind turbines. The study shows that fewer, larger turbines have a lesser impact on surface wind speed and heat fluxes compared to many smaller turbines. This suggests that larger turbines may be more beneficial for ocean dynamics and marine ecosystems. The study also highlights the importance of considering the environmental and ecological consequences of larger turbines and lower turbine density. The deployment of larger wind turbines can significantly affect the local climate and ecosystem of the North Sea. Therefore, careful planning is essential to mitigate these effects. The research uses a regional climate model to simulate the interactions between offshore wind farms and the boundary layer, as well as the wakes generated by them. The model shows that the impact of wind farms on the atmosphere can reach up to 600 m above the sea surface. The study found that the reduction in wind speed and increase in turbulent kinetic energy in the wake areas can affect the power generation and climate of the region. The study also found that the impact of wind farms on the near-surface climate is significant, with changes in wind speed, temperature, specific humidity, and net surface heat fluxes. The results indicate that larger turbines have a lesser impact on these factors compared to smaller ones. The study concludes that larger offshore wind turbines can have a reduced impact on near-surface wind speed and heat fluxes, which is beneficial for ocean dynamics and marine ecosystems. This supports the EU's goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.