Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have gained significant attention in biomedical applications due to their excellent properties, such as biocompatibility, degradability, interlayer ion exchangeability, high loading capacity, pH-responsive release, and large specific surface area. The flexibility in structural composition and ease of surface modification make LDHs suitable for various biomedical applications. This review comprehensively discusses recent advances in LDHs for biomedical applications, including drug delivery systems, cancer diagnosis and therapy, tissue engineering, coatings, functional membranes, and biosensors. Despite the promising potential, the clinical translation of LDHs is still limited. The review highlights the current limitations and challenges in LDHs research, providing an outlook on future research directions. Key areas of focus include non-anionic drug delivery, magnetic core-shell hybrids, and the development of LDH-based nanocomposites for enhanced therapeutic efficacy.Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have gained significant attention in biomedical applications due to their excellent properties, such as biocompatibility, degradability, interlayer ion exchangeability, high loading capacity, pH-responsive release, and large specific surface area. The flexibility in structural composition and ease of surface modification make LDHs suitable for various biomedical applications. This review comprehensively discusses recent advances in LDHs for biomedical applications, including drug delivery systems, cancer diagnosis and therapy, tissue engineering, coatings, functional membranes, and biosensors. Despite the promising potential, the clinical translation of LDHs is still limited. The review highlights the current limitations and challenges in LDHs research, providing an outlook on future research directions. Key areas of focus include non-anionic drug delivery, magnetic core-shell hybrids, and the development of LDH-based nanocomposites for enhanced therapeutic efficacy.