Lead toxicity is a significant environmental issue with devastating effects on human health. Lead, a persistent pollutant, is used in various industries and can be found in food, water, soil, and air. Exposure occurs through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, leading to severe health consequences, particularly in children. The nervous system is the most affected organ, followed by the reproductive and renal systems. Lead can cause cognitive impairments, behavioral problems, anemia, and increased blood pressure. Occupational exposure is a major source, affecting workers in lead-related industries. Diagnosis involves measuring blood lead levels and identifying signs such as basophilic stripping in red blood cells. Treatment includes chelation therapy with dimercaprol and succimer, and antioxidants like curcumin and beta-carotene. Prevention focuses on avoiding exposure and educating children about safety measures. Despite the availability of treatments, preventing exposure remains the best strategy to mitigate the harmful effects of lead toxicity.Lead toxicity is a significant environmental issue with devastating effects on human health. Lead, a persistent pollutant, is used in various industries and can be found in food, water, soil, and air. Exposure occurs through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, leading to severe health consequences, particularly in children. The nervous system is the most affected organ, followed by the reproductive and renal systems. Lead can cause cognitive impairments, behavioral problems, anemia, and increased blood pressure. Occupational exposure is a major source, affecting workers in lead-related industries. Diagnosis involves measuring blood lead levels and identifying signs such as basophilic stripping in red blood cells. Treatment includes chelation therapy with dimercaprol and succimer, and antioxidants like curcumin and beta-carotene. Prevention focuses on avoiding exposure and educating children about safety measures. Despite the availability of treatments, preventing exposure remains the best strategy to mitigate the harmful effects of lead toxicity.