The study investigates how learning shapes the ontogeny of migratory behavior in white storks (Ciconia ciconia). The exploration-refinement hypothesis posits that early-life exploration leads to greater information gain, followed by more rapid and direct movement during later life. Using a unique tracking dataset, the researchers found that young storks reduce energy expenditure by exploring new places during migration, while older individuals become more efficient and move faster and more directly. This transition from energy-efficient exploration to rapid movement is driven by the accumulation of spatial memory and experience. The study highlights the importance of individual learning and information gathering in shaping the ontogeny of migration, providing insights into how animals balance energy, time, and information over their lifetime.The study investigates how learning shapes the ontogeny of migratory behavior in white storks (Ciconia ciconia). The exploration-refinement hypothesis posits that early-life exploration leads to greater information gain, followed by more rapid and direct movement during later life. Using a unique tracking dataset, the researchers found that young storks reduce energy expenditure by exploring new places during migration, while older individuals become more efficient and move faster and more directly. This transition from energy-efficient exploration to rapid movement is driven by the accumulation of spatial memory and experience. The study highlights the importance of individual learning and information gathering in shaping the ontogeny of migration, providing insights into how animals balance energy, time, and information over their lifetime.