The chapter discusses the development of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), highlighting their current widespread use in displays, communication, and consumer products. The journey of LED development was marked by significant setbacks and long periods of inactivity. Key milestones include H.J. Round's initial observation of electroluminescence in 1908, which was later rediscovered by Oleg V. Losev in 1922. Losev's research, though ahead of his time, was cut short by World War II, and it wasn't until the 1950s that modern LEDs were produced. The commercial success of LEDs began in 1968 with the production of GaAsP LED displays by Hewlett-Packard and Monsanto. The chapter also mentions the Materials Research Society's 1987 Spring Short Course Program, which covers various topics in materials science and technology.The chapter discusses the development of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), highlighting their current widespread use in displays, communication, and consumer products. The journey of LED development was marked by significant setbacks and long periods of inactivity. Key milestones include H.J. Round's initial observation of electroluminescence in 1908, which was later rediscovered by Oleg V. Losev in 1922. Losev's research, though ahead of his time, was cut short by World War II, and it wasn't until the 1950s that modern LEDs were produced. The commercial success of LEDs began in 1968 with the production of GaAsP LED displays by Hewlett-Packard and Monsanto. The chapter also mentions the Materials Research Society's 1987 Spring Short Course Program, which covers various topics in materials science and technology.