This paper investigates the light rings and shadows of two types of static black holes in effective quantum gravity (EQG) using topological and backward ray-tracing methods. The authors demonstrate that both types of light rings are standard and unstable. They find that while the quantum parameters do not affect the light rings, they reduce the size of the first type of static black hole's shadow in EQG. For the second type, the shadow remains indistinguishable from a Schwarzschild black hole. However, the quantum parameters shrink the lensing rings for both types, causing the shadow to occupy a larger proportion within the ring. This difference provides a potential method to distinguish between EQG and general relativity (GR). The findings contribute to the development of loop quantum gravity theory and address key issues such as black hole singularities and the information paradox.This paper investigates the light rings and shadows of two types of static black holes in effective quantum gravity (EQG) using topological and backward ray-tracing methods. The authors demonstrate that both types of light rings are standard and unstable. They find that while the quantum parameters do not affect the light rings, they reduce the size of the first type of static black hole's shadow in EQG. For the second type, the shadow remains indistinguishable from a Schwarzschild black hole. However, the quantum parameters shrink the lensing rings for both types, causing the shadow to occupy a larger proportion within the ring. This difference provides a potential method to distinguish between EQG and general relativity (GR). The findings contribute to the development of loop quantum gravity theory and address key issues such as black hole singularities and the information paradox.