This study presents a novel method for fabricating lignin-derived lightweight carbon aerogels (CAs) with tunable epsilon-negative responses in the radio-frequency (RF) region. The method involves adjusting the ZnCl₂/lignin ratio to control porosity, enabling the formation of 3D carbon networks with adjustable effective electron concentration. These CAs exhibit a tunable epsilon-negative response, reaching an order of magnitude of -10³ under MHz frequencies, due to their intrinsic plasmonic state. The study demonstrates that the epsilon-negative response is achieved through the collective oscillation of free charge carriers, leading to a significant decrease in negative permittivity in the RF range. The CAs also show inductive characteristics, with their dielectric loss at low frequencies attributed to conduction loss. Electromagnetic simulations reveal that the CAs have potential for effective electromagnetic (EM) shielding, with excellent shielding effectiveness at 1 GHz across various thicknesses. The study highlights the unique electrical properties of CAs, including their inductive behavior and low dispersion epsilon-negative response. The CAs are lightweight, chemically stable, and environmentally friendly, offering new opportunities for EM metamaterials and applications in extreme conditions. The research provides a universal design paradigm for CAs, emphasizing their special structure and unique properties. The study also addresses the challenge of unstable interface matching between carbon materials and ceramic matrices, which limits the frequency dispersion of the epsilon-negative response. The developed CAs have the potential to advance the development and application of EM metamaterials and contribute to the recycling of lignin waste. The process is economically viable, efficient, and environmentally friendly, involving the conversion of lignin into lightweight CAs with an epsilon-negative response.This study presents a novel method for fabricating lignin-derived lightweight carbon aerogels (CAs) with tunable epsilon-negative responses in the radio-frequency (RF) region. The method involves adjusting the ZnCl₂/lignin ratio to control porosity, enabling the formation of 3D carbon networks with adjustable effective electron concentration. These CAs exhibit a tunable epsilon-negative response, reaching an order of magnitude of -10³ under MHz frequencies, due to their intrinsic plasmonic state. The study demonstrates that the epsilon-negative response is achieved through the collective oscillation of free charge carriers, leading to a significant decrease in negative permittivity in the RF range. The CAs also show inductive characteristics, with their dielectric loss at low frequencies attributed to conduction loss. Electromagnetic simulations reveal that the CAs have potential for effective electromagnetic (EM) shielding, with excellent shielding effectiveness at 1 GHz across various thicknesses. The study highlights the unique electrical properties of CAs, including their inductive behavior and low dispersion epsilon-negative response. The CAs are lightweight, chemically stable, and environmentally friendly, offering new opportunities for EM metamaterials and applications in extreme conditions. The research provides a universal design paradigm for CAs, emphasizing their special structure and unique properties. The study also addresses the challenge of unstable interface matching between carbon materials and ceramic matrices, which limits the frequency dispersion of the epsilon-negative response. The developed CAs have the potential to advance the development and application of EM metamaterials and contribute to the recycling of lignin waste. The process is economically viable, efficient, and environmentally friendly, involving the conversion of lignin into lightweight CAs with an epsilon-negative response.