A lipidome atlas of the adult human brain has been developed, revealing the lipid composition of 75 brain regions, including 52 neocortical areas. The lipid composition varies significantly across brain regions, affecting 93% of 419 analyzed lipids. These differences reflect structural features like myelin content and cell type composition, as well as functional traits such as functional connectivity and information processing hierarchy. Biochemically, lipids linked to structural and functional brain features show distinct lipid class distribution, unsaturation levels, and prevalence of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The study used mass spectrometry and imaging to verify findings, and compared results with macaque brains to ensure robustness. The human brain is a complex structure, and current research focuses on molecular and macro-scale studies. The lipidome, a key component of brain tissue, has been studied extensively, revealing variations in lipid classes and fatty acid composition among brain regions. Recent advances in mass spectrometry have provided detailed lipid profiles in human brain regions and cultured cells. The study highlights the importance of lipids in brain energy metabolism, cell differentiation, signaling, and inflammatory responses, and links lipidome variations to cognitive disorders. The lipidome atlas reveals that myelin content significantly influences regional lipid composition. Myelin-rich regions show higher levels of certain lipids, while myelin-poor regions have different lipid profiles. Lipid classes vary across brain regions, with some showing consistent variation and others showing no variation. The study also links lipid profiles to specific cell types, showing that certain lipids are associated with oligodendrocytes, neurons, and astrocytes. Functional brain connectivity and information processing hierarchy are also linked to lipid profiles, with certain lipids showing strong correlations with these features. The study's findings suggest that the brain's lipidome can serve as a bridge between local molecular and cellular composition and large-scale structural and functional characteristics. This could be particularly useful for studying molecular alterations in psychiatric and cognitive disorders. The study has limitations, including a small sample size and potential biases in brain region selection. Despite these, the study underscores the potential of lipid measurements to provide insights into brain structure and function. The results provide a foundation for future systematic studies of the human brain's lipidome.A lipidome atlas of the adult human brain has been developed, revealing the lipid composition of 75 brain regions, including 52 neocortical areas. The lipid composition varies significantly across brain regions, affecting 93% of 419 analyzed lipids. These differences reflect structural features like myelin content and cell type composition, as well as functional traits such as functional connectivity and information processing hierarchy. Biochemically, lipids linked to structural and functional brain features show distinct lipid class distribution, unsaturation levels, and prevalence of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The study used mass spectrometry and imaging to verify findings, and compared results with macaque brains to ensure robustness. The human brain is a complex structure, and current research focuses on molecular and macro-scale studies. The lipidome, a key component of brain tissue, has been studied extensively, revealing variations in lipid classes and fatty acid composition among brain regions. Recent advances in mass spectrometry have provided detailed lipid profiles in human brain regions and cultured cells. The study highlights the importance of lipids in brain energy metabolism, cell differentiation, signaling, and inflammatory responses, and links lipidome variations to cognitive disorders. The lipidome atlas reveals that myelin content significantly influences regional lipid composition. Myelin-rich regions show higher levels of certain lipids, while myelin-poor regions have different lipid profiles. Lipid classes vary across brain regions, with some showing consistent variation and others showing no variation. The study also links lipid profiles to specific cell types, showing that certain lipids are associated with oligodendrocytes, neurons, and astrocytes. Functional brain connectivity and information processing hierarchy are also linked to lipid profiles, with certain lipids showing strong correlations with these features. The study's findings suggest that the brain's lipidome can serve as a bridge between local molecular and cellular composition and large-scale structural and functional characteristics. This could be particularly useful for studying molecular alterations in psychiatric and cognitive disorders. The study has limitations, including a small sample size and potential biases in brain region selection. Despite these, the study underscores the potential of lipid measurements to provide insights into brain structure and function. The results provide a foundation for future systematic studies of the human brain's lipidome.