Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome is a complex condition affecting survivors of COVID-19 at all disease severities, including children and those not hospitalized. It is characterized by persistent symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnoea, cognitive impairment, joint pain, and cardiac issues, lasting months after acute infection. The exact pathophysiology remains unclear, but potential mechanisms include long-term tissue damage, pathological inflammation, and autoimmune responses. Risk factors include female sex, multiple early symptoms, prior psychiatric disorders, and biomarkers like D-dimer and CRP. While no definitive treatment exists, rehabilitation programs and repurposed drugs from similar conditions like ME/CFS or POTS show promise. Long COVID may involve multiple organ systems and is associated with unresolved inflammation and immune dysregulation. Research highlights the need for further studies to clarify its pathophysiology, risk factors, and effective treatments. Current evidence suggests that long COVID is a significant public health issue, with an estimated 5 million people globally affected.Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome is a complex condition affecting survivors of COVID-19 at all disease severities, including children and those not hospitalized. It is characterized by persistent symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnoea, cognitive impairment, joint pain, and cardiac issues, lasting months after acute infection. The exact pathophysiology remains unclear, but potential mechanisms include long-term tissue damage, pathological inflammation, and autoimmune responses. Risk factors include female sex, multiple early symptoms, prior psychiatric disorders, and biomarkers like D-dimer and CRP. While no definitive treatment exists, rehabilitation programs and repurposed drugs from similar conditions like ME/CFS or POTS show promise. Long COVID may involve multiple organ systems and is associated with unresolved inflammation and immune dysregulation. Research highlights the need for further studies to clarify its pathophysiology, risk factors, and effective treatments. Current evidence suggests that long COVID is a significant public health issue, with an estimated 5 million people globally affected.