Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This review highlights the current understanding of lncRNAs and their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for NDDs. lncRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides that regulate gene expression through various mechanisms, such as chromatin remodeling, miRNA sponging, and protein interaction. They are involved in the regulation of cellular processes, including neurodegeneration, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In AD, lncRNAs such as BACE1-AS, NEAT1, and MALAT1 are implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease, contributing to amyloid-beta accumulation and neurofibrillary tangles. In PD, lncRNAs like NEAT1, BDNF-AS, and H19 are involved in neuronal injury, inflammation, and α-synuclein aggregation. In ALS, lncRNAs such as NEAT1, SNHG1, and MALAT1 are associated with RNA metabolism dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. These lncRNAs are also being explored as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. The review discusses the mechanisms by which lncRNAs influence NDDs, including their roles in gene regulation, miRNA sponging, and protein interaction. It also highlights the potential of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets, with strategies such as siRNA-based silencing of disease-associated lncRNAs being explored. The review concludes that lncRNAs are promising candidates for the diagnosis and treatment of NDDs, and further research is needed to fully understand their roles in these diseases.Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This review highlights the current understanding of lncRNAs and their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for NDDs. lncRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides that regulate gene expression through various mechanisms, such as chromatin remodeling, miRNA sponging, and protein interaction. They are involved in the regulation of cellular processes, including neurodegeneration, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In AD, lncRNAs such as BACE1-AS, NEAT1, and MALAT1 are implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease, contributing to amyloid-beta accumulation and neurofibrillary tangles. In PD, lncRNAs like NEAT1, BDNF-AS, and H19 are involved in neuronal injury, inflammation, and α-synuclein aggregation. In ALS, lncRNAs such as NEAT1, SNHG1, and MALAT1 are associated with RNA metabolism dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. These lncRNAs are also being explored as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. The review discusses the mechanisms by which lncRNAs influence NDDs, including their roles in gene regulation, miRNA sponging, and protein interaction. It also highlights the potential of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets, with strategies such as siRNA-based silencing of disease-associated lncRNAs being explored. The review concludes that lncRNAs are promising candidates for the diagnosis and treatment of NDDs, and further research is needed to fully understand their roles in these diseases.