The article reviews the challenges and progress in low-temperature (LT) sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), which are crucial for large-scale energy storage applications, especially in high-altitude and cold regions. The performance of SIBs in LT environments is significantly affected by sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics, unstable electrode/electrolyte interfaces, and slow sodium ion diffusion in electrode materials. The review highlights the importance of optimizing electrolyte and electrode materials to enhance LT performance. It systematically summarizes recent advancements in LT SIBs, focusing on electrolytes, cathode and anode materials, sodium metal batteries, and solid-state electrolytes. Key strategies for improving LT performance include designing low-viscosity electrolytes, modifying electrode materials to enhance ion/electron conductivity, and optimizing the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) layer. The article also discusses the use of co-solvents, diluents, and fluorinated solvents to improve electrolyte properties and SEI formation. Additionally, it explores the potential of ionic liquids as alternative electrolytes due to their high thermal stability and wide electrochemical window. Overall, the review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the design principles and research directions for achieving high-performance LT SIBs.The article reviews the challenges and progress in low-temperature (LT) sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), which are crucial for large-scale energy storage applications, especially in high-altitude and cold regions. The performance of SIBs in LT environments is significantly affected by sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics, unstable electrode/electrolyte interfaces, and slow sodium ion diffusion in electrode materials. The review highlights the importance of optimizing electrolyte and electrode materials to enhance LT performance. It systematically summarizes recent advancements in LT SIBs, focusing on electrolytes, cathode and anode materials, sodium metal batteries, and solid-state electrolytes. Key strategies for improving LT performance include designing low-viscosity electrolytes, modifying electrode materials to enhance ion/electron conductivity, and optimizing the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) layer. The article also discusses the use of co-solvents, diluents, and fluorinated solvents to improve electrolyte properties and SEI formation. Additionally, it explores the potential of ionic liquids as alternative electrolytes due to their high thermal stability and wide electrochemical window. Overall, the review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the design principles and research directions for achieving high-performance LT SIBs.