Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality globally, with smoking being the primary risk factor. Other factors such as radon gas, asbestos, air pollution, and chronic infections also contribute to lung carcinogenesis. Lung cancer is classified into two main histologic classes: small-cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) and non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, with recommendations depending on the type and stage of cancer. Despite advancements in diagnosis and therapy, the prognosis for lung cancer remains poor, except for localized cancers. Recent developments in lung cancer biology, including genomic alterations and molecular pathology, have led to the discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic approaches. The tumor microenvironment, influenced by immune cells and signaling molecules, plays a crucial role in tumor growth and immune evasion. Racial and ethnic disparities in lung cancer incidence and outcomes are also discussed, highlighting the need for personalized treatment strategies. Treatment options for early-stage, advanced, and recurrent NSCLC are detailed, including surgical resection, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and palliative care. The role of angiogenesis inhibitors in NSCLC treatment is also reviewed, with bevacizumab being the only approved anti-angiogenic agent.Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality globally, with smoking being the primary risk factor. Other factors such as radon gas, asbestos, air pollution, and chronic infections also contribute to lung carcinogenesis. Lung cancer is classified into two main histologic classes: small-cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) and non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, with recommendations depending on the type and stage of cancer. Despite advancements in diagnosis and therapy, the prognosis for lung cancer remains poor, except for localized cancers. Recent developments in lung cancer biology, including genomic alterations and molecular pathology, have led to the discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic approaches. The tumor microenvironment, influenced by immune cells and signaling molecules, plays a crucial role in tumor growth and immune evasion. Racial and ethnic disparities in lung cancer incidence and outcomes are also discussed, highlighting the need for personalized treatment strategies. Treatment options for early-stage, advanced, and recurrent NSCLC are detailed, including surgical resection, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and palliative care. The role of angiogenesis inhibitors in NSCLC treatment is also reviewed, with bevacizumab being the only approved anti-angiogenic agent.