Luteolin, a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, has shown potential in treating neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes preclinical studies on luteolin's effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Luteolin has been extensively studied in AD models, where it reduces Aβ plaques, inhibits neuroinflammation, and protects neurons. It also shows neuroprotective effects in PD models by reducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Limited studies on HD and MS suggest luteolin may have protective effects, though more research is needed. Luteolin's mechanisms include suppressing inflammatory pathways, reducing oxidative stress, and preventing apoptosis. It also enhances antioxidant enzymes and modulates signaling pathways like ERK/MAPK. Preclinical data indicate luteolin's potential as a therapeutic agent, but clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy in humans.Luteolin, a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, has shown potential in treating neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes preclinical studies on luteolin's effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Luteolin has been extensively studied in AD models, where it reduces Aβ plaques, inhibits neuroinflammation, and protects neurons. It also shows neuroprotective effects in PD models by reducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Limited studies on HD and MS suggest luteolin may have protective effects, though more research is needed. Luteolin's mechanisms include suppressing inflammatory pathways, reducing oxidative stress, and preventing apoptosis. It also enhances antioxidant enzymes and modulates signaling pathways like ERK/MAPK. Preclinical data indicate luteolin's potential as a therapeutic agent, but clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy in humans.