Lysozyme, particularly hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL), continues to exhibit new pharmacological properties despite limited therapeutic applications due to a lack of clinical studies. This review examines the antiviral properties of lysozyme from a pharmacological perspective, analyzing its mechanism of action and ability to block viral infections and inhibit viral replication. Lysozyme can interact with nucleic acids, altering their function, but this effect is independent of its catalytic activity. Literature suggests that lysozyme can be used as a disinfectant for raw and processed foods and as a drug to combat viral infections in animals and humans. The review highlights that lysozyme has important antiviral properties and should be explored further in human clinical studies. Key findings include the ability of lysozyme to modulate gene expression, interact with viral proteins, and inhibit viral replication. Additionally, heat-denatured lysozyme has shown effectiveness against noroviruses, foot-and-mouth disease, and influenza viruses. The review also discusses the potential of lysozyme in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infections, with preliminary studies showing significant activity. Overall, lysozyme's antiviral properties and its potential as a therapeutic agent are promising, warranting further research.Lysozyme, particularly hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL), continues to exhibit new pharmacological properties despite limited therapeutic applications due to a lack of clinical studies. This review examines the antiviral properties of lysozyme from a pharmacological perspective, analyzing its mechanism of action and ability to block viral infections and inhibit viral replication. Lysozyme can interact with nucleic acids, altering their function, but this effect is independent of its catalytic activity. Literature suggests that lysozyme can be used as a disinfectant for raw and processed foods and as a drug to combat viral infections in animals and humans. The review highlights that lysozyme has important antiviral properties and should be explored further in human clinical studies. Key findings include the ability of lysozyme to modulate gene expression, interact with viral proteins, and inhibit viral replication. Additionally, heat-denatured lysozyme has shown effectiveness against noroviruses, foot-and-mouth disease, and influenza viruses. The review also discusses the potential of lysozyme in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infections, with preliminary studies showing significant activity. Overall, lysozyme's antiviral properties and its potential as a therapeutic agent are promising, warranting further research.