This comparative review examines mental health policies in the United States and various African nations, highlighting the divergent approaches and contextual nuances that shape these policies. In the United States, a comprehensive mental health policy framework has evolved, characterized by federal and state initiatives such as the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act and the Affordable Care Act, which aim to integrate mental health services into mainstream healthcare. The National Institute of Mental Health plays a pivotal role in advancing research and evidence-based interventions. In contrast, African nations exhibit a wide spectrum of mental health policy landscapes, reflecting diverse socioeconomic and cultural contexts. Some countries have made significant strides in policy development, emphasizing community-based approaches and integration with primary healthcare systems. However, challenges such as limited resources, workforce shortages, and stigma persist. The review explores the role of cultural factors in shaping mental health policies, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive approaches. The review also highlights disparities in resource allocation and mental health infrastructure between the USA and African countries, contributing to variations in service accessibility and quality. It calls for increased international collaboration, knowledge exchange, and resource mobilization to address mental health disparities, fostering a global commitment to holistic mental healthcare. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of ongoing efforts to destigmatize mental health issues, improve public awareness, and strengthen community support systems.This comparative review examines mental health policies in the United States and various African nations, highlighting the divergent approaches and contextual nuances that shape these policies. In the United States, a comprehensive mental health policy framework has evolved, characterized by federal and state initiatives such as the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act and the Affordable Care Act, which aim to integrate mental health services into mainstream healthcare. The National Institute of Mental Health plays a pivotal role in advancing research and evidence-based interventions. In contrast, African nations exhibit a wide spectrum of mental health policy landscapes, reflecting diverse socioeconomic and cultural contexts. Some countries have made significant strides in policy development, emphasizing community-based approaches and integration with primary healthcare systems. However, challenges such as limited resources, workforce shortages, and stigma persist. The review explores the role of cultural factors in shaping mental health policies, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive approaches. The review also highlights disparities in resource allocation and mental health infrastructure between the USA and African countries, contributing to variations in service accessibility and quality. It calls for increased international collaboration, knowledge exchange, and resource mobilization to address mental health disparities, fostering a global commitment to holistic mental healthcare. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of ongoing efforts to destigmatize mental health issues, improve public awareness, and strengthen community support systems.