This review article discusses MOG antibody-associated optic neuritis (MOG-ON), a demyelinating disorder distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). MOG-ON typically presents with bilateral optic neuritis, characterized by optic disc swelling, longitudinally extensive optic nerve hyperintensity on MRI, and optic perineuritis. Diagnosis is primarily based on the detection of serum MOG immunoglobulin G using a live cell-based assay. Clinical features include bilateral involvement, optic disc swelling, and eye pain, which differentiate it from other optic neuritis types. MRI plays a crucial role in identifying key radiological features, while optical coherence tomography (OCT) helps assess optic nerve swelling and atrophy. MOG-ON is generally responsive to corticosteroids, but relapses are common, especially with rapid tapering. Long-term management involves steroid-sparing immunotherapy to prevent relapses, although the optimal treatment strategy remains under investigation. The article highlights the importance of early and accurate diagnosis for effective management and better outcomes.This review article discusses MOG antibody-associated optic neuritis (MOG-ON), a demyelinating disorder distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). MOG-ON typically presents with bilateral optic neuritis, characterized by optic disc swelling, longitudinally extensive optic nerve hyperintensity on MRI, and optic perineuritis. Diagnosis is primarily based on the detection of serum MOG immunoglobulin G using a live cell-based assay. Clinical features include bilateral involvement, optic disc swelling, and eye pain, which differentiate it from other optic neuritis types. MRI plays a crucial role in identifying key radiological features, while optical coherence tomography (OCT) helps assess optic nerve swelling and atrophy. MOG-ON is generally responsive to corticosteroids, but relapses are common, especially with rapid tapering. Long-term management involves steroid-sparing immunotherapy to prevent relapses, although the optimal treatment strategy remains under investigation. The article highlights the importance of early and accurate diagnosis for effective management and better outcomes.