The study investigates the morphological features of soils in the old part of Mirzachol oasis and their changes due to cultivation and irrigation. Soil morphology is a key indicator of soil properties, and changes in its characteristics are significant due to human activities. The research compared soil sections placed in the same areas in 1937, 1959, 1993, and 2017, revealing changes in the depth of the arable layer, soil color, gypsum layer, and carbonate layer. The soil color shifted from light gray to gray, and the carbonate layer became more pronounced. The gypsum layer deepened over time, with gypsum appearing as small spots in 2017. The gley layer, associated with waterlogging, became more distinct over time. The study also found that long-term irrigation led to increased salinity and changes in soil properties. The soil's biological activity increased due to irrigation and cotton planting, with higher microbial activity and humus content. However, excessive irrigation caused waterlogging and reduced soil productivity. The study highlights the importance of understanding soil morphology for effective land reclamation and sustainable agriculture in the Mirzachol oasis. The results contribute to the understanding of soil evolution and the impact of human activities on soil properties.The study investigates the morphological features of soils in the old part of Mirzachol oasis and their changes due to cultivation and irrigation. Soil morphology is a key indicator of soil properties, and changes in its characteristics are significant due to human activities. The research compared soil sections placed in the same areas in 1937, 1959, 1993, and 2017, revealing changes in the depth of the arable layer, soil color, gypsum layer, and carbonate layer. The soil color shifted from light gray to gray, and the carbonate layer became more pronounced. The gypsum layer deepened over time, with gypsum appearing as small spots in 2017. The gley layer, associated with waterlogging, became more distinct over time. The study also found that long-term irrigation led to increased salinity and changes in soil properties. The soil's biological activity increased due to irrigation and cotton planting, with higher microbial activity and humus content. However, excessive irrigation caused waterlogging and reduced soil productivity. The study highlights the importance of understanding soil morphology for effective land reclamation and sustainable agriculture in the Mirzachol oasis. The results contribute to the understanding of soil evolution and the impact of human activities on soil properties.