The study identifies MYB-related transcription factors as key regulators of chloroplast biogenesis in land plants. Analysis of the liverwort *Marchantia polymorpha* and the angiosperm *Arabidopsis thaliana* revealed that mutants in MYB-related genes exhibit pale phenotypes with small chloroplasts. These genes control genes involved in carbon fixation, light harvesting, and photosystem assembly and repair, in addition to chlorophyll biosynthesis. The regulation of MYB-related and GLK (GOLDEN2-LIKE) transcription factors is more extensive in *A. thaliana* than in *M. polymorpha*. The study concludes that MYB-related and GLK transcription factors orchestrate chloroplast development in land plants, with MYB-related factors targeting a broader set of genes compared to GLK. Overexpression of MYB-related factors can activate photosynthesis genes, and their binding sites are enriched in promoters of these genes. The findings provide insights into the complex regulatory network controlling chloroplast biogenesis and offer potential targets for improving photosynthesis in crops.The study identifies MYB-related transcription factors as key regulators of chloroplast biogenesis in land plants. Analysis of the liverwort *Marchantia polymorpha* and the angiosperm *Arabidopsis thaliana* revealed that mutants in MYB-related genes exhibit pale phenotypes with small chloroplasts. These genes control genes involved in carbon fixation, light harvesting, and photosystem assembly and repair, in addition to chlorophyll biosynthesis. The regulation of MYB-related and GLK (GOLDEN2-LIKE) transcription factors is more extensive in *A. thaliana* than in *M. polymorpha*. The study concludes that MYB-related and GLK transcription factors orchestrate chloroplast development in land plants, with MYB-related factors targeting a broader set of genes compared to GLK. Overexpression of MYB-related factors can activate photosynthesis genes, and their binding sites are enriched in promoters of these genes. The findings provide insights into the complex regulatory network controlling chloroplast biogenesis and offer potential targets for improving photosynthesis in crops.