The article discusses the role of macrophages in cancer therapy and their impact on therapeutic resistance. Macrophages, which are key regulators of the tumor microenvironment, can either enhance or impede the effectiveness of cancer treatments. Preclinical studies have shown that targeting macrophage recruitment, polarization, or function can improve the response to cytotoxic therapy. For example, CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibition has been effective in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immune checkpoint blockade. However, the clinical application of these therapies is complex, as macrophages play multiple roles in the tumor microenvironment, and their effects can vary depending on the type and stage of cancer. The article also highlights the importance of understanding the dynamics of macrophage polarization and the potential for combining different therapeutic approaches to enhance outcomes. Additionally, it explores the role of macrophages in tumor angiogenesis, immune suppression, and metastasis, emphasizing the need for further research to identify effective therapeutic targets and strategies.The article discusses the role of macrophages in cancer therapy and their impact on therapeutic resistance. Macrophages, which are key regulators of the tumor microenvironment, can either enhance or impede the effectiveness of cancer treatments. Preclinical studies have shown that targeting macrophage recruitment, polarization, or function can improve the response to cytotoxic therapy. For example, CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibition has been effective in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immune checkpoint blockade. However, the clinical application of these therapies is complex, as macrophages play multiple roles in the tumor microenvironment, and their effects can vary depending on the type and stage of cancer. The article also highlights the importance of understanding the dynamics of macrophage polarization and the potential for combining different therapeutic approaches to enhance outcomes. Additionally, it explores the role of macrophages in tumor angiogenesis, immune suppression, and metastasis, emphasizing the need for further research to identify effective therapeutic targets and strategies.