This study investigates the role of magnesium (Mg²⁺) in promoting vascularization and osseointegration in diabetic conditions. Diabetes is known to impair wound healing and bone regeneration, particularly in oral tissues. The researchers generated a diabetic mouse model and found that diabetic mice had compromised alveolar bone healing with reduced angiogenesis. They developed Mg-coated implants using hydrothermal synthesis, which significantly improved vascularization and osseointegration in diabetic mice. Mechanistically, Mg²⁺ was shown to promote the degradation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and the nucleation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by upregulating sestrin 2 (SESN2) in endothelial cells, thereby reducing oxidative stress and relieving endothelial cell dysfunction under hyperglycemia. The study suggests that Mg²⁺ enhances angiogenesis and osseointegration in diabetic mice by regulating endothelial mitochondrial metabolism.This study investigates the role of magnesium (Mg²⁺) in promoting vascularization and osseointegration in diabetic conditions. Diabetes is known to impair wound healing and bone regeneration, particularly in oral tissues. The researchers generated a diabetic mouse model and found that diabetic mice had compromised alveolar bone healing with reduced angiogenesis. They developed Mg-coated implants using hydrothermal synthesis, which significantly improved vascularization and osseointegration in diabetic mice. Mechanistically, Mg²⁺ was shown to promote the degradation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and the nucleation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by upregulating sestrin 2 (SESN2) in endothelial cells, thereby reducing oxidative stress and relieving endothelial cell dysfunction under hyperglycemia. The study suggests that Mg²⁺ enhances angiogenesis and osseointegration in diabetic mice by regulating endothelial mitochondrial metabolism.