29 January 2024 | Hina Inam, Simone Sprio, Marta Tavoni, Zahid Abbas, Federico Pupilli and Anna Tampieri
This review focuses on the advancements in magnetic hydroxyapatite (mHA) nanoparticles and their applications in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine. mHA nanoparticles have gained significant interest due to their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and unique physicochemical properties, enabling advanced multi-therapeutic strategies. The review discusses various synthetic methods for obtaining magnetic apatite-based materials, including iron-doped HA nanoparticles with intrinsic magnetic properties and composite/hybrid compounds between HA and superparamagnetic metal oxide nanoparticles. It highlights the structure-property correlations and explores the application of these materials in bone regeneration and nanomedicine. Additionally, the review investigates novel perspectives on how mHA nanoparticles can improve nanocarriers with homogeneous structures to promote multifunctional biological applications, such as cell stimulation, antimicrobial activity, and drug release with on-demand triggering. The methods described include chemical precipitation, mechanochemical, emulsion synthesis, hydrothermal, template, sol-gel, synergistic, microwave-assisted, and biomimetic fabrication methods. Each method is evaluated for its advantages, limitations, and potential in biomedical applications.This review focuses on the advancements in magnetic hydroxyapatite (mHA) nanoparticles and their applications in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine. mHA nanoparticles have gained significant interest due to their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and unique physicochemical properties, enabling advanced multi-therapeutic strategies. The review discusses various synthetic methods for obtaining magnetic apatite-based materials, including iron-doped HA nanoparticles with intrinsic magnetic properties and composite/hybrid compounds between HA and superparamagnetic metal oxide nanoparticles. It highlights the structure-property correlations and explores the application of these materials in bone regeneration and nanomedicine. Additionally, the review investigates novel perspectives on how mHA nanoparticles can improve nanocarriers with homogeneous structures to promote multifunctional biological applications, such as cell stimulation, antimicrobial activity, and drug release with on-demand triggering. The methods described include chemical precipitation, mechanochemical, emulsion synthesis, hydrothermal, template, sol-gel, synergistic, microwave-assisted, and biomimetic fabrication methods. Each method is evaluated for its advantages, limitations, and potential in biomedical applications.