Malnutrition, comprising protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, remains a significant health burden in developing countries, particularly affecting pregnant women and young children. Protein-energy malnutrition, characterized by marasmus and kwashiorkor, is often linked to infectious diseases, creating a vicious cycle. Micronutrient deficiencies, including iron, iodine, vitamin A, and zinc, are also prevalent and have detrimental health effects. Despite advancements in treatment protocols, access to formal health services is limited, especially in rural areas. Interventions such as breastfeeding promotion, food supplementation, and dietary diversification through home gardens and small livestock are crucial. Fortification of salt with iodine has been successful, but other micronutrient supplementation schemes need to reach vulnerable populations more effectively. Nutrition education and health interventions are essential for the effectiveness of these interventions. To achieve the Millennium Development Goals related to hunger and malnutrition, addressing poverty and improving food security are critical.Malnutrition, comprising protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, remains a significant health burden in developing countries, particularly affecting pregnant women and young children. Protein-energy malnutrition, characterized by marasmus and kwashiorkor, is often linked to infectious diseases, creating a vicious cycle. Micronutrient deficiencies, including iron, iodine, vitamin A, and zinc, are also prevalent and have detrimental health effects. Despite advancements in treatment protocols, access to formal health services is limited, especially in rural areas. Interventions such as breastfeeding promotion, food supplementation, and dietary diversification through home gardens and small livestock are crucial. Fortification of salt with iodine has been successful, but other micronutrient supplementation schemes need to reach vulnerable populations more effectively. Nutrition education and health interventions are essential for the effectiveness of these interventions. To achieve the Millennium Development Goals related to hunger and malnutrition, addressing poverty and improving food security are critical.