Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive, incurable condition affecting millions globally, with significant health and economic burdens. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent complications. Treatment options include dietary modifications, medications, and novel therapies. Recent advancements in drug therapies, such as SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, offer new hope in slowing CKD progression. However, disease prevention remains the most critical step. CKD management requires a multifaceted approach, combining established treatments with new pharmacological interventions. Non-pharmacological strategies, including dietary changes, exercise, and lifestyle modifications, are also essential. ACE inhibitors and ARBs are widely used to reduce cardiovascular risk and slow CKD progression. However, they may cause hyperkalemia and require careful monitoring. NSAIDs should be avoided in CKD patients due to the risk of kidney damage. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, such as finerenone, are effective in reducing proteinuria and hyperkalemia. Metabolic acidosis in CKD can be managed with sodium bicarbonate. Renal anemia is treated with erythropoietin and iron supplementation. Metabolic bone disease in CKD involves complex hormonal interactions and requires careful management. Overall, CKD management requires a comprehensive, individualized approach to optimize patient outcomes and prevent progression to end-stage renal disease.Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive, incurable condition affecting millions globally, with significant health and economic burdens. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent complications. Treatment options include dietary modifications, medications, and novel therapies. Recent advancements in drug therapies, such as SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, offer new hope in slowing CKD progression. However, disease prevention remains the most critical step. CKD management requires a multifaceted approach, combining established treatments with new pharmacological interventions. Non-pharmacological strategies, including dietary changes, exercise, and lifestyle modifications, are also essential. ACE inhibitors and ARBs are widely used to reduce cardiovascular risk and slow CKD progression. However, they may cause hyperkalemia and require careful monitoring. NSAIDs should be avoided in CKD patients due to the risk of kidney damage. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, such as finerenone, are effective in reducing proteinuria and hyperkalemia. Metabolic acidosis in CKD can be managed with sodium bicarbonate. Renal anemia is treated with erythropoietin and iron supplementation. Metabolic bone disease in CKD involves complex hormonal interactions and requires careful management. Overall, CKD management requires a comprehensive, individualized approach to optimize patient outcomes and prevent progression to end-stage renal disease.