11 August 2020 | Trisha Greenhalgh, Matthew Knight, Christine A'Court, Maria Buxton, Laiba Husain
Post-acute COVID-19, often referred to as "long COVID," is a multisystem disease that can persist for weeks or months after a relatively mild acute illness. This article, intended for primary care clinicians, focuses on patients who have a delayed recovery from COVID-19 managed in the community or standard hospital wards. These patients can be divided into those with serious sequelae (such as thromboembolic complications) and those with non-specific symptoms, primarily fatigue and breathlessness. The article defines post-acute COVID-19 as lasting beyond three weeks from the onset of symptoms, and chronic COVID-19 as lasting beyond 12 weeks. It notes that around 10% of those who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 remain unwell beyond three weeks, and a smaller proportion for months.
The article discusses the common symptoms of post-acute COVID-19, including cough, low-grade fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, headaches, neurocognitive difficulties, muscle pains, gastrointestinal upset, rashes, metabolic disruption, and mental health conditions. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to management, focusing on symptom management and supportive care while avoiding over-investigation. Blood tests should be ordered selectively based on clinical indications, and pulse oximeters can be useful for monitoring respiratory symptoms.
For patients not admitted to intensive care, British Thoracic Society guidelines recommend community follow-up with a chest X-ray at 12 weeks and referral for new, persistent, or progressive symptoms. Pulmonary rehabilitation is beneficial for many patients, and exercise programs can aid recovery. The article also addresses specific concerns such as chest pain, thromboembolism, ventricular dysfunction, and neurological sequelae. It highlights the importance of managing mental health and social support, especially for older patients and those from diverse social and cultural backgrounds.
The article concludes by emphasizing the need for a pragmatic and holistic approach to managing post-acute COVID-19, with a focus on patient-centered care and community-facing rehabilitation services.Post-acute COVID-19, often referred to as "long COVID," is a multisystem disease that can persist for weeks or months after a relatively mild acute illness. This article, intended for primary care clinicians, focuses on patients who have a delayed recovery from COVID-19 managed in the community or standard hospital wards. These patients can be divided into those with serious sequelae (such as thromboembolic complications) and those with non-specific symptoms, primarily fatigue and breathlessness. The article defines post-acute COVID-19 as lasting beyond three weeks from the onset of symptoms, and chronic COVID-19 as lasting beyond 12 weeks. It notes that around 10% of those who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 remain unwell beyond three weeks, and a smaller proportion for months.
The article discusses the common symptoms of post-acute COVID-19, including cough, low-grade fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, headaches, neurocognitive difficulties, muscle pains, gastrointestinal upset, rashes, metabolic disruption, and mental health conditions. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to management, focusing on symptom management and supportive care while avoiding over-investigation. Blood tests should be ordered selectively based on clinical indications, and pulse oximeters can be useful for monitoring respiratory symptoms.
For patients not admitted to intensive care, British Thoracic Society guidelines recommend community follow-up with a chest X-ray at 12 weeks and referral for new, persistent, or progressive symptoms. Pulmonary rehabilitation is beneficial for many patients, and exercise programs can aid recovery. The article also addresses specific concerns such as chest pain, thromboembolism, ventricular dysfunction, and neurological sequelae. It highlights the importance of managing mental health and social support, especially for older patients and those from diverse social and cultural backgrounds.
The article concludes by emphasizing the need for a pragmatic and holistic approach to managing post-acute COVID-19, with a focus on patient-centered care and community-facing rehabilitation services.