The article "Managing Forests for Climate Change Mitigation" by Josep G. Canadell and Michael R. Raupach discusses the significant role of forests in mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration. Forests currently absorb billions of tons of CO₂ annually, providing an economic subsidy worth hundreds of billions of dollars. However, concerns about the permanency of forest carbon stocks, quantifying stock changes, and the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of large-scale reforestation programs have limited their integration into climate policies. The authors highlight four major strategies for mitigating carbon emissions through forestry activities: reforestation, increasing forest carbon density, sustainably using forest products, and reducing deforestation and degradation. Reforestation could potentially sequester 0.16 to 1.1 Pg C year⁻¹ by 2100, while increasing forest carbon density through management practices can also significantly contribute to carbon sequestration. Reducing deforestation, particularly in tropical regions, is identified as a cost-effective approach, with a 50% reduction in deforestation rates by 2050 potentially avoiding emissions equivalent to 50 Pg C. However, the article also acknowledges the risks associated with these activities, including disturbances such as fires and insect outbreaks, which can release carbon back into the atmosphere. The future stability and size of the terrestrial carbon sink are uncertain, and vulnerable regions with large carbon stores, such as peat swamp forests in Southeast Asia, could lead to significant carbon releases by the end of the century. The authors emphasize the importance of aligning climate protection with ancillary benefits, such as biodiversity conservation and local income generation, to ensure sustainable development. They conclude that while the challenges are significant, particularly in tropical regions, the potential for carbon sequestration through forestry activities is substantial and essential for global climate change mitigation.The article "Managing Forests for Climate Change Mitigation" by Josep G. Canadell and Michael R. Raupach discusses the significant role of forests in mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration. Forests currently absorb billions of tons of CO₂ annually, providing an economic subsidy worth hundreds of billions of dollars. However, concerns about the permanency of forest carbon stocks, quantifying stock changes, and the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of large-scale reforestation programs have limited their integration into climate policies. The authors highlight four major strategies for mitigating carbon emissions through forestry activities: reforestation, increasing forest carbon density, sustainably using forest products, and reducing deforestation and degradation. Reforestation could potentially sequester 0.16 to 1.1 Pg C year⁻¹ by 2100, while increasing forest carbon density through management practices can also significantly contribute to carbon sequestration. Reducing deforestation, particularly in tropical regions, is identified as a cost-effective approach, with a 50% reduction in deforestation rates by 2050 potentially avoiding emissions equivalent to 50 Pg C. However, the article also acknowledges the risks associated with these activities, including disturbances such as fires and insect outbreaks, which can release carbon back into the atmosphere. The future stability and size of the terrestrial carbon sink are uncertain, and vulnerable regions with large carbon stores, such as peat swamp forests in Southeast Asia, could lead to significant carbon releases by the end of the century. The authors emphasize the importance of aligning climate protection with ancillary benefits, such as biodiversity conservation and local income generation, to ensure sustainable development. They conclude that while the challenges are significant, particularly in tropical regions, the potential for carbon sequestration through forestry activities is substantial and essential for global climate change mitigation.