The study evaluates the spatial congruence between ecosystems providing high levels of nature's contributions to people (NCP), biodiversity, and areas with high development potential. It finds that conserving approximately half of the global land area through protection or sustainable management could provide 90% of current NCP levels and meet minimum representation targets for 26,709 terrestrial vertebrate species. This supports recent commitments by national governments under the Global Biodiversity Framework to conserve at least 30% of global lands and waters. However, more than one-third of areas required for conserving NCP and species are also highly suitable for agriculture, renewable energy, oil and gas, mining, or urban expansion, indicating potential conflicts among conservation, climate, and development goals. The study provides maps of joint priorities for ten important NCP and terrestrial biodiversity, highlighting areas that are both critical for NCP and biodiversity. It also identifies areas with high development potential, emphasizing the need for careful planning to avoid conflicts between conservation and development objectives. The findings underscore the importance of international cooperation and the integration of NCP into global negotiations to achieve sustainable development.The study evaluates the spatial congruence between ecosystems providing high levels of nature's contributions to people (NCP), biodiversity, and areas with high development potential. It finds that conserving approximately half of the global land area through protection or sustainable management could provide 90% of current NCP levels and meet minimum representation targets for 26,709 terrestrial vertebrate species. This supports recent commitments by national governments under the Global Biodiversity Framework to conserve at least 30% of global lands and waters. However, more than one-third of areas required for conserving NCP and species are also highly suitable for agriculture, renewable energy, oil and gas, mining, or urban expansion, indicating potential conflicts among conservation, climate, and development goals. The study provides maps of joint priorities for ten important NCP and terrestrial biodiversity, highlighting areas that are both critical for NCP and biodiversity. It also identifies areas with high development potential, emphasizing the need for careful planning to avoid conflicts between conservation and development objectives. The findings underscore the importance of international cooperation and the integration of NCP into global negotiations to achieve sustainable development.