This study examines the relationship between marital quality and personal well-being using meta-analytic techniques, analyzing data from 93 studies. The average weighted effect size for cross-sectional studies was .37, and for longitudinal studies, .25. Results indicate that several variables moderate the association between marital quality and personal well-being, including gender, marital duration, measurement source, data collection year, and dependent variable. Longitudinal effects are more likely to be uncovered when using standard measurement, and future research should use samples homogenous in marital length. The longitudinal finding that the strength of the association is stronger when personal well-being is treated as the dependent variable supports previous theorizing. The study expands the definition of personal well-being to include not only depressive symptoms but also self-esteem, life satisfaction, global happiness, and physical health. It includes both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, and tests for moderators of the association between marital quality and personal well-being. The study finds that gender, marital duration, measurement characteristics, and study design characteristics moderate the association between marital quality and personal well-being. The association is stronger for women than for men, and for marriages of 8 years or more in duration. The association is also stronger when the valence of the marital quality measure is negative (e.g., conflict) and when personal well-being is treated as the dependent variable. The study highlights the importance of considering the measurement and design choices when conceptualizing studies examining the associations between marital quality and personal well-being, as both measurement and design characteristics emerged as significant moderators in the present study. The results suggest that sampling couples homogenous in marital duration is necessary as it appears that marital duration moderates the association between marital quality and personal well-being. The study also highlights the need for additional longitudinal research on the association between marital quality and personal well-being, for both theoretical and empirical reasons.This study examines the relationship between marital quality and personal well-being using meta-analytic techniques, analyzing data from 93 studies. The average weighted effect size for cross-sectional studies was .37, and for longitudinal studies, .25. Results indicate that several variables moderate the association between marital quality and personal well-being, including gender, marital duration, measurement source, data collection year, and dependent variable. Longitudinal effects are more likely to be uncovered when using standard measurement, and future research should use samples homogenous in marital length. The longitudinal finding that the strength of the association is stronger when personal well-being is treated as the dependent variable supports previous theorizing. The study expands the definition of personal well-being to include not only depressive symptoms but also self-esteem, life satisfaction, global happiness, and physical health. It includes both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, and tests for moderators of the association between marital quality and personal well-being. The study finds that gender, marital duration, measurement characteristics, and study design characteristics moderate the association between marital quality and personal well-being. The association is stronger for women than for men, and for marriages of 8 years or more in duration. The association is also stronger when the valence of the marital quality measure is negative (e.g., conflict) and when personal well-being is treated as the dependent variable. The study highlights the importance of considering the measurement and design choices when conceptualizing studies examining the associations between marital quality and personal well-being, as both measurement and design characteristics emerged as significant moderators in the present study. The results suggest that sampling couples homogenous in marital duration is necessary as it appears that marital duration moderates the association between marital quality and personal well-being. The study also highlights the need for additional longitudinal research on the association between marital quality and personal well-being, for both theoretical and empirical reasons.