This monograph by John Bowlby emphasizes the critical importance of individual maternal care in the mental and physical well-being of children. Bowlby argues that the absence of a mother figure in early childhood can lead to severe emotional and psychological issues, including an affectionless psychopathic character or permanent underdevelopment. He supports his thesis with extensive research from Europe and the U.S.A., covering the last 20 years of child care. The author calls for early intervention, ideally before 12 months, to mitigate the effects of deprivation. The book also discusses the challenges of preventing and addressing these issues, particularly in cases of illegitimate children, and advocates for early adoption as a solution. Despite the need for further research, Bowlby's work provides a comprehensive and influential perspective on the role of maternal care in child development.This monograph by John Bowlby emphasizes the critical importance of individual maternal care in the mental and physical well-being of children. Bowlby argues that the absence of a mother figure in early childhood can lead to severe emotional and psychological issues, including an affectionless psychopathic character or permanent underdevelopment. He supports his thesis with extensive research from Europe and the U.S.A., covering the last 20 years of child care. The author calls for early intervention, ideally before 12 months, to mitigate the effects of deprivation. The book also discusses the challenges of preventing and addressing these issues, particularly in cases of illegitimate children, and advocates for early adoption as a solution. Despite the need for further research, Bowlby's work provides a comprehensive and influential perspective on the role of maternal care in child development.