This study aims to maximize carbon sequestration potential in Chinese forests through optimal management. Using a process-based biogeochemical model and national forest inventories, the research projects an increase in biomass carbon stock by 13.6 ± 1.5 Pg C from 2020 to 2100, with additional sinks from wood product pools (0.6–2.0 Pg C) and spatiotemporal optimization of forest management (2.3 ± 0.03 Pg C). The statistical model's long-term projections are biased due to underrepresentation or neglect of wood harvest and forest demographic changes. Disregarding the impact of harvesting on forest age can lead to a premature shift in the carbon sink peak by 1–3 decades. The study emphasizes the urgent need for swift implementation of optimal forest management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration. Forests play a crucial role in achieving UN Sustainable Development Goals, and China, with its extensive planted forest area, is expected to be a significant carbon sink in the coming decades. However, uncertainties in forest carbon potential remain due to limited long-term data, different accounting methods, and varied forest management plans. The study addresses these challenges by integrating key factors such as tree species selection, wood harvesting practices, forest composition, and tree demographics. The results show that improved management practices, including tree replacement and extended harvest rotation, can significantly enhance carbon sequestration. The study also highlights the importance of promoting long-lived wood products to increase carbon residence time. Overall, the findings underscore the critical role of China's forests in carbon sequestration and the need for immediate action to implement optimal management strategies.This study aims to maximize carbon sequestration potential in Chinese forests through optimal management. Using a process-based biogeochemical model and national forest inventories, the research projects an increase in biomass carbon stock by 13.6 ± 1.5 Pg C from 2020 to 2100, with additional sinks from wood product pools (0.6–2.0 Pg C) and spatiotemporal optimization of forest management (2.3 ± 0.03 Pg C). The statistical model's long-term projections are biased due to underrepresentation or neglect of wood harvest and forest demographic changes. Disregarding the impact of harvesting on forest age can lead to a premature shift in the carbon sink peak by 1–3 decades. The study emphasizes the urgent need for swift implementation of optimal forest management strategies to enhance carbon sequestration. Forests play a crucial role in achieving UN Sustainable Development Goals, and China, with its extensive planted forest area, is expected to be a significant carbon sink in the coming decades. However, uncertainties in forest carbon potential remain due to limited long-term data, different accounting methods, and varied forest management plans. The study addresses these challenges by integrating key factors such as tree species selection, wood harvesting practices, forest composition, and tree demographics. The results show that improved management practices, including tree replacement and extended harvest rotation, can significantly enhance carbon sequestration. The study also highlights the importance of promoting long-lived wood products to increase carbon residence time. Overall, the findings underscore the critical role of China's forests in carbon sequestration and the need for immediate action to implement optimal management strategies.