This review examines the intrinsic mechanical properties of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites, focusing on their preparation methods and characterization techniques. Raman spectroscopy is highlighted as a crucial tool for studying the mechanical properties of graphene flakes and composites. The review discusses various preparation strategies for bulk graphene-based nanocomposites, including solution compounding, in situ polymerization, melt mixing, and layer-by-layer assembly. It also analyzes the mechanical properties of these composites, such as stiffness, strength, and toughness, and explores the factors that affect their performance. A unique correlation between the filler modulus and the composite matrix is identified, suggesting that the filler modulus is not independent of the matrix. The presence of graphene, even at low loadings, can significantly enhance the mechanical properties of the final material. The review concludes by discussing the potential applications and future perspectives of graphene-based nanocomposite materials, emphasizing the need for scale-up capabilities and further research.This review examines the intrinsic mechanical properties of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites, focusing on their preparation methods and characterization techniques. Raman spectroscopy is highlighted as a crucial tool for studying the mechanical properties of graphene flakes and composites. The review discusses various preparation strategies for bulk graphene-based nanocomposites, including solution compounding, in situ polymerization, melt mixing, and layer-by-layer assembly. It also analyzes the mechanical properties of these composites, such as stiffness, strength, and toughness, and explores the factors that affect their performance. A unique correlation between the filler modulus and the composite matrix is identified, suggesting that the filler modulus is not independent of the matrix. The presence of graphene, even at low loadings, can significantly enhance the mechanical properties of the final material. The review concludes by discussing the potential applications and future perspectives of graphene-based nanocomposite materials, emphasizing the need for scale-up capabilities and further research.