This study investigates how agricultural industrial agglomeration enhances agricultural economic resilience, identifying key mechanisms. Using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces (2006–2021), the research finds that agricultural industrial agglomulation significantly boosts agricultural economic resilience through two main pathways: enhancing socialized services and improving production efficiency. The effects are most pronounced in major grain-producing regions, where agglomeration strengthens resilience through reconstruction and adaptation. The study also highlights the importance of regional differences, with major grain-producing areas benefiting more from agglomeration. The findings suggest that agricultural industrial agglomeration plays a critical role in fostering resilience, rural economic growth, and socialized services. The study recommends focusing on institutional arrangements and policy support to strengthen agricultural resilience, while addressing regional disparities in resilience development. The results emphasize the need for tailored strategies to enhance agricultural economic resilience through agglomeration.This study investigates how agricultural industrial agglomeration enhances agricultural economic resilience, identifying key mechanisms. Using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces (2006–2021), the research finds that agricultural industrial agglomulation significantly boosts agricultural economic resilience through two main pathways: enhancing socialized services and improving production efficiency. The effects are most pronounced in major grain-producing regions, where agglomeration strengthens resilience through reconstruction and adaptation. The study also highlights the importance of regional differences, with major grain-producing areas benefiting more from agglomeration. The findings suggest that agricultural industrial agglomeration plays a critical role in fostering resilience, rural economic growth, and socialized services. The study recommends focusing on institutional arrangements and policy support to strengthen agricultural resilience, while addressing regional disparities in resilience development. The results emphasize the need for tailored strategies to enhance agricultural economic resilience through agglomeration.