The article "Mechanism and physical activities in bone-skeletal muscle crosstalk" by Zhao et al. explores the intricate relationship between bone and skeletal muscle, highlighting the role of physical activity in maintaining and improving their function. The authors emphasize that bone and skeletal muscle work in coordination to support the musculoskeletal system, with skeletal muscle contraction driving bone movement and bone providing attachment sites for skeletal muscle through the bone-muscle junction. Exercise is found to promote bone strength by secreting osteocalcin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) into the blood, enhancing muscle quality. Additionally, exercise promotes the release of myostatin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), irisin, and apolipoprotein from muscles, which act on bones to maintain the balance between bone absorption and formation. The article discusses the regulatory axis between myokines and osteokines, particularly the interleukin-6/osteocalcin axis, which is significantly influenced by exercise. The authors also review the impact of specific factors such as myostatin, irisin, and IL-6 on bone and muscle, and the potential therapeutic applications of these factors in treating osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of exercise in maintaining bone-muscle health and suggests that exerkins, factors released in response to exercise, play a crucial role in mediating the interaction between bone and skeletal muscle.The article "Mechanism and physical activities in bone-skeletal muscle crosstalk" by Zhao et al. explores the intricate relationship between bone and skeletal muscle, highlighting the role of physical activity in maintaining and improving their function. The authors emphasize that bone and skeletal muscle work in coordination to support the musculoskeletal system, with skeletal muscle contraction driving bone movement and bone providing attachment sites for skeletal muscle through the bone-muscle junction. Exercise is found to promote bone strength by secreting osteocalcin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) into the blood, enhancing muscle quality. Additionally, exercise promotes the release of myostatin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), irisin, and apolipoprotein from muscles, which act on bones to maintain the balance between bone absorption and formation. The article discusses the regulatory axis between myokines and osteokines, particularly the interleukin-6/osteocalcin axis, which is significantly influenced by exercise. The authors also review the impact of specific factors such as myostatin, irisin, and IL-6 on bone and muscle, and the potential therapeutic applications of these factors in treating osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of exercise in maintaining bone-muscle health and suggests that exerkins, factors released in response to exercise, play a crucial role in mediating the interaction between bone and skeletal muscle.