This review summarizes the recent progress in the research of transition metal compound electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs). Supercapacitors have high power density and long cycle life, but their low energy density limits their application in large-scale commercial use. Transition metal compounds have high specific capacity and good cycling stability, making them promising for high-energy-density SCs. However, their low conductivity, slow ion diffusion, and volume expansion during charge-discharge processes hinder their integration into SCs. This study provides a comprehensive summary of current advancements in transition metal nanomaterials as electrode materials for SCs, an overview of current research status, and the prevailing challenges. It also highlights synthetic techniques and management strategies for electrode materials derived from transition metal compounds, aiming to resolve these challenges. Finally, it discusses future directions for SC development, emphasizing the use of transition metal compound electrode materials. Supercapacitors have become a significant research area due to the increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy supply technologies. Compared to traditional capacitors, SCs have notable energy storage benefits, but their maximum energy density is lower than that of rechargeable batteries. SCs can charge and discharge rapidly, while batteries take longer. SCs also have advantages such as long cycle stability, high power density, high safety, high energy conversion efficiency, good ultralow-temperature characteristics, convenient detection, and environmentally friendly production. SCs are generally classified into carbon-based and metal-based materials, which are further categorized into electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors (PCs). EDLCs store energy through the formation of a double electric layer at the interface between the electrolyte and electrode materials. PCs utilize fast reversible redox reactions of metal oxides for charge storage and release. PCs have greater capacitance and energy density than EDLCs due to redox reactions within the material, not just on the surface. With the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, nanomaterial-based electrodes are playing an increasingly important role in electrochemical energy storage. Some Faradaic electrode materials that typically show strong redox reactions in bulk exhibit pseudocapacitance behavior when reduced to the nanoscale. The boundary between battery and pseudocapacitive materials has blurred in recent years, and terms such as "intercalation pseudocapacitance" and "extrinsic pseudocapacitance" have been proposed to better understand the charge storage mechanisms of emerging electrode materials.This review summarizes the recent progress in the research of transition metal compound electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs). Supercapacitors have high power density and long cycle life, but their low energy density limits their application in large-scale commercial use. Transition metal compounds have high specific capacity and good cycling stability, making them promising for high-energy-density SCs. However, their low conductivity, slow ion diffusion, and volume expansion during charge-discharge processes hinder their integration into SCs. This study provides a comprehensive summary of current advancements in transition metal nanomaterials as electrode materials for SCs, an overview of current research status, and the prevailing challenges. It also highlights synthetic techniques and management strategies for electrode materials derived from transition metal compounds, aiming to resolve these challenges. Finally, it discusses future directions for SC development, emphasizing the use of transition metal compound electrode materials. Supercapacitors have become a significant research area due to the increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy supply technologies. Compared to traditional capacitors, SCs have notable energy storage benefits, but their maximum energy density is lower than that of rechargeable batteries. SCs can charge and discharge rapidly, while batteries take longer. SCs also have advantages such as long cycle stability, high power density, high safety, high energy conversion efficiency, good ultralow-temperature characteristics, convenient detection, and environmentally friendly production. SCs are generally classified into carbon-based and metal-based materials, which are further categorized into electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors (PCs). EDLCs store energy through the formation of a double electric layer at the interface between the electrolyte and electrode materials. PCs utilize fast reversible redox reactions of metal oxides for charge storage and release. PCs have greater capacitance and energy density than EDLCs due to redox reactions within the material, not just on the surface. With the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, nanomaterial-based electrodes are playing an increasingly important role in electrochemical energy storage. Some Faradaic electrode materials that typically show strong redox reactions in bulk exhibit pseudocapacitance behavior when reduced to the nanoscale. The boundary between battery and pseudocapacitive materials has blurred in recent years, and terms such as "intercalation pseudocapacitance" and "extrinsic pseudocapacitance" have been proposed to better understand the charge storage mechanisms of emerging electrode materials.