Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation (DRG-S) is a promising neuromodulation therapy for managing chronic pain. This review outlines the anatomy and mechanisms of DRG-S, emphasizing its role in pain management. The DRG contains the cell bodies of primary sensory neurons (PSNs) and is crucial for sensory transmission. DRG-S targets these neurons to modulate pain pathways, offering a non-addictive and reversible treatment option for refractory pain. The DRG's unique structure, including its pseudo-unipolar neurons and T-junction, plays a key role in pain signaling and modulation. DRG-S may alleviate pain by reducing nociceptive signals at the T-junction, modulating pain-gating pathways, and regulating neuronal excitability. However, the full extent of DRG-S mechanisms remains unclear, particularly regarding its supraspinal effects and interactions with cognitive and affective networks. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for optimizing DRG-S technologies and improving clinical outcomes. DRG-S has shown efficacy in managing conditions like complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). It offers advantages over conventional spinal cord stimulation (SCS), including reduced risk of complications and lower power demand. Despite its potential, further research is needed to fully understand DRG-S mechanisms and expand its applications in chronic pain management. The review highlights the importance of continued research to enhance the therapeutic potential of DRG-S.Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation (DRG-S) is a promising neuromodulation therapy for managing chronic pain. This review outlines the anatomy and mechanisms of DRG-S, emphasizing its role in pain management. The DRG contains the cell bodies of primary sensory neurons (PSNs) and is crucial for sensory transmission. DRG-S targets these neurons to modulate pain pathways, offering a non-addictive and reversible treatment option for refractory pain. The DRG's unique structure, including its pseudo-unipolar neurons and T-junction, plays a key role in pain signaling and modulation. DRG-S may alleviate pain by reducing nociceptive signals at the T-junction, modulating pain-gating pathways, and regulating neuronal excitability. However, the full extent of DRG-S mechanisms remains unclear, particularly regarding its supraspinal effects and interactions with cognitive and affective networks. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for optimizing DRG-S technologies and improving clinical outcomes. DRG-S has shown efficacy in managing conditions like complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). It offers advantages over conventional spinal cord stimulation (SCS), including reduced risk of complications and lower power demand. Despite its potential, further research is needed to fully understand DRG-S mechanisms and expand its applications in chronic pain management. The review highlights the importance of continued research to enhance the therapeutic potential of DRG-S.