The Hippo pathway is a conserved signaling network that regulates tissue growth and cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. It was first identified in Drosophila and has since been extensively studied in mammals. The core of the Hippo pathway consists of a kinase cascade, transcription coactivators, and DNA-binding partners. Recent studies have expanded the Hippo pathway to include over 30 components, and it is regulated by intrinsic cell mechanisms such as cell-cell contact, cell polarity, and the actin cytoskeleton, as well as extrinsic signals like energy status, mechanical cues, and hormonal signals. The core Hippo pathway in mammals involves the mammalian Ste20-like kinases 1/2 (MST1/2), which phosphorylate and activate large tumor suppressor 1/2 (LATS1/2). LATS1/2 then phosphorylate and inactivate Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), leading to their cytoplasmic retention and degradation. YAP and TAZ are transcriptional coactivators that regulate gene expression through interaction with TEAD transcription factors. The Hippo pathway also interacts with other signaling pathways such as Wnt, BMP, Notch, and Hedgehog. The Hippo pathway is regulated by various intrinsic and extrinsic signals, including physical cues like cell contact and mechanical signals, soluble factors and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), stress signals, and cell polarity and architecture. The Hippo pathway is also involved in cell cycle regulation and is regulated by kinases such as MST1/2 and MAP4Ks. The regulation of the Hippo pathway is complex and involves multiple layers of control, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and protein-protein interactions. The Hippo pathway plays a critical role in tissue growth and homeostasis, and its dysregulation can lead to aberrant cell growth and neoplasia. YAP and TAZ are key effectors of the Hippo pathway and are involved in various physiological processes, including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. The Hippo pathway is also implicated in cancer development and is a potential therapeutic target for various cancers. Recent studies have shown that YAP and TAZ are involved in the regulation of gene expression through their interaction with TEAD transcription factors and other transcription factors such as AP-1. The Hippo pathway is a complex signaling network that is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and preventing cancer.The Hippo pathway is a conserved signaling network that regulates tissue growth and cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. It was first identified in Drosophila and has since been extensively studied in mammals. The core of the Hippo pathway consists of a kinase cascade, transcription coactivators, and DNA-binding partners. Recent studies have expanded the Hippo pathway to include over 30 components, and it is regulated by intrinsic cell mechanisms such as cell-cell contact, cell polarity, and the actin cytoskeleton, as well as extrinsic signals like energy status, mechanical cues, and hormonal signals. The core Hippo pathway in mammals involves the mammalian Ste20-like kinases 1/2 (MST1/2), which phosphorylate and activate large tumor suppressor 1/2 (LATS1/2). LATS1/2 then phosphorylate and inactivate Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), leading to their cytoplasmic retention and degradation. YAP and TAZ are transcriptional coactivators that regulate gene expression through interaction with TEAD transcription factors. The Hippo pathway also interacts with other signaling pathways such as Wnt, BMP, Notch, and Hedgehog. The Hippo pathway is regulated by various intrinsic and extrinsic signals, including physical cues like cell contact and mechanical signals, soluble factors and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), stress signals, and cell polarity and architecture. The Hippo pathway is also involved in cell cycle regulation and is regulated by kinases such as MST1/2 and MAP4Ks. The regulation of the Hippo pathway is complex and involves multiple layers of control, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and protein-protein interactions. The Hippo pathway plays a critical role in tissue growth and homeostasis, and its dysregulation can lead to aberrant cell growth and neoplasia. YAP and TAZ are key effectors of the Hippo pathway and are involved in various physiological processes, including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. The Hippo pathway is also implicated in cancer development and is a potential therapeutic target for various cancers. Recent studies have shown that YAP and TAZ are involved in the regulation of gene expression through their interaction with TEAD transcription factors and other transcription factors such as AP-1. The Hippo pathway is a complex signaling network that is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and preventing cancer.