The paper examines the mechanisms that influence the grazing distribution patterns of large herbivores, focusing on both abiotic and biotic factors. Abiotic factors, such as slope and distance to water, are primary determinants of large-scale distribution patterns, while biotic factors, like forage quantity and quality, play a crucial role at smaller scales. The authors discuss how these factors interact to shape animal behavior, particularly in terms of foraging velocity, intake rate, and spatial memory. Non-cognitive mechanisms, such as foraging velocity and intake rate, are influenced by the availability and quality of forage. Animals tend to spend more time in areas with abundant and palatable forage, leading to a proportional relationship between the time spent and the available resources. Cognitive mechanisms, including learning and memory, also play a significant role. Animals can use spatial memory to return to nutrient-rich sites more frequently, improving foraging efficiency. The paper introduces a conceptual model that integrates abiotic and biotic factors to predict grazing patterns. This model highlights the importance of spatial memory in foraging decisions and suggests that animals use "rules of thumb" to optimize their foraging strategies. The model is designed to help understand and predict how large herbivores use cognitive abilities to select foraging areas, providing a framework for developing new management practices to modify grazing patterns. The authors emphasize the complexity of grazing distribution patterns and the need to consider both abiotic and biotic factors, as well as the cognitive abilities of animals, to effectively manage and conserve ecosystems.The paper examines the mechanisms that influence the grazing distribution patterns of large herbivores, focusing on both abiotic and biotic factors. Abiotic factors, such as slope and distance to water, are primary determinants of large-scale distribution patterns, while biotic factors, like forage quantity and quality, play a crucial role at smaller scales. The authors discuss how these factors interact to shape animal behavior, particularly in terms of foraging velocity, intake rate, and spatial memory. Non-cognitive mechanisms, such as foraging velocity and intake rate, are influenced by the availability and quality of forage. Animals tend to spend more time in areas with abundant and palatable forage, leading to a proportional relationship between the time spent and the available resources. Cognitive mechanisms, including learning and memory, also play a significant role. Animals can use spatial memory to return to nutrient-rich sites more frequently, improving foraging efficiency. The paper introduces a conceptual model that integrates abiotic and biotic factors to predict grazing patterns. This model highlights the importance of spatial memory in foraging decisions and suggests that animals use "rules of thumb" to optimize their foraging strategies. The model is designed to help understand and predict how large herbivores use cognitive abilities to select foraging areas, providing a framework for developing new management practices to modify grazing patterns. The authors emphasize the complexity of grazing distribution patterns and the need to consider both abiotic and biotic factors, as well as the cognitive abilities of animals, to effectively manage and conserve ecosystems.