The article discusses the importance of mechanotransduction, the process by which cells translate mechanical forces and deformations into biochemical signals, in maintaining cellular and extracellular structure and function. Mechanotransduction is critical for various cellular processes, including migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and is essential for organ development and homeostasis. Defects in mechanotransduction, often caused by mutations or misregulation of proteins, are implicated in a wide range of diseases, from muscular dystrophies and cardiomyopathies to cancer progression and metastasis. The review highlights the role of mechanotransduction in sensory cells like hair cells in the inner ear and in mechanically stressed tissues such as muscle, bone, cartilage, and blood vessels. It also explores how disturbances in mechanotransduction can lead to diseases such as loss of hearing, muscular dystrophies, and cancer, and discusses potential therapeutic approaches to address these conditions. The authors emphasize the need to understand the molecular details of normal and defective mechanotransduction to develop effective treatments.The article discusses the importance of mechanotransduction, the process by which cells translate mechanical forces and deformations into biochemical signals, in maintaining cellular and extracellular structure and function. Mechanotransduction is critical for various cellular processes, including migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and is essential for organ development and homeostasis. Defects in mechanotransduction, often caused by mutations or misregulation of proteins, are implicated in a wide range of diseases, from muscular dystrophies and cardiomyopathies to cancer progression and metastasis. The review highlights the role of mechanotransduction in sensory cells like hair cells in the inner ear and in mechanically stressed tissues such as muscle, bone, cartilage, and blood vessels. It also explores how disturbances in mechanotransduction can lead to diseases such as loss of hearing, muscular dystrophies, and cancer, and discusses potential therapeutic approaches to address these conditions. The authors emphasize the need to understand the molecular details of normal and defective mechanotransduction to develop effective treatments.