2024-02 | Xiaoqin Wu, Laura E Nagy, Jérémie Gautheron
Necroptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism distinct from apoptosis, has gained attention for its role in various pathological conditions. Recent research has revealed that key necroptotic mediators, including receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPKs) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), have additional functions beyond inducing cell death. These functions include influencing critical aspects of metabolic regulation, such as energy metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. Dysregulated necroptosis has been implicated in metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), contributing to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. This review provides insights into the multifaceted role of necroptosis, encompassing both cell death and extra-necroptotic functions, in the context of metabolic diseases. Understanding the intricate interplay between necroptosis and metabolic regulation is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies in diseases that currently lack effective treatments. The review highlights the current direction for the development of small molecule inhibitors in the necroptosis pathway and their potential for clinical applications. It also discusses unresolved issues and controversies surrounding necroptosis in metabolic regulation, including cell-specific functions and interactions with other cell death pathways.Necroptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism distinct from apoptosis, has gained attention for its role in various pathological conditions. Recent research has revealed that key necroptotic mediators, including receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPKs) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), have additional functions beyond inducing cell death. These functions include influencing critical aspects of metabolic regulation, such as energy metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. Dysregulated necroptosis has been implicated in metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), contributing to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. This review provides insights into the multifaceted role of necroptosis, encompassing both cell death and extra-necroptotic functions, in the context of metabolic diseases. Understanding the intricate interplay between necroptosis and metabolic regulation is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies in diseases that currently lack effective treatments. The review highlights the current direction for the development of small molecule inhibitors in the necroptosis pathway and their potential for clinical applications. It also discusses unresolved issues and controversies surrounding necroptosis in metabolic regulation, including cell-specific functions and interactions with other cell death pathways.