The article provides a comprehensive review of the medical applications of infrared thermography (IRT). IRT is a non-invasive, fast, and remote method for monitoring body temperature and surface temperature distribution, which has been increasingly used in various medical fields over the past five decades. The review covers the basic principles, theoretical background, and procedures for IRT measurements, as well as its applications in diagnosing conditions such as breast cancer, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disorders, fever screening, dental diagnosis, dermatological issues, blood pressure monitoring, rheumatic diseases, dry eye syndrome, liver diseases, kidney treatment, heart operations, gynecology, and personality testing. The article also discusses the experimental conditions, skin emissivity, instrumentation, image processing, data analysis, and numerical modeling techniques used in IRT. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of IRT over traditional methods and its potential in early disease detection and management.The article provides a comprehensive review of the medical applications of infrared thermography (IRT). IRT is a non-invasive, fast, and remote method for monitoring body temperature and surface temperature distribution, which has been increasingly used in various medical fields over the past five decades. The review covers the basic principles, theoretical background, and procedures for IRT measurements, as well as its applications in diagnosing conditions such as breast cancer, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disorders, fever screening, dental diagnosis, dermatological issues, blood pressure monitoring, rheumatic diseases, dry eye syndrome, liver diseases, kidney treatment, heart operations, gynecology, and personality testing. The article also discusses the experimental conditions, skin emissivity, instrumentation, image processing, data analysis, and numerical modeling techniques used in IRT. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of IRT over traditional methods and its potential in early disease detection and management.