The article "Medicinal Plants Meet Modern Biodiversity Science" by Charles C. Davis and Patrick Choisy highlights the importance of a holistic, interdisciplinary approach to studying medicinal plants. The authors argue that combining methods and insights from evolutionary ecology, molecular biology/biochemistry, and ethnopharmacology can facilitate breakthroughs in science, including the discovery of new pharmacological treatments and advancements in human health and well-being. They emphasize that traditional Indigenous knowledge is crucial in this interdisciplinary research, which contrasts with the simplified approaches of recent decades. The article discusses the challenges and opportunities in discovering and identifying medicinal plant species, the role of phylogenomics in understanding the origin and utility of medicinal plants, and the importance of integrating ethnopharmacological data. It also addresses the need for protecting medicinal plant biodiversity and the rights of Indigenous communities, who have intimate knowledge of these plants. The authors propose six actions to preserve bioculturally important medicinal plant species, including establishing germplasm repositories, expanding comparative genome sequencing, and preserving hotspots of biocultural heritage. They conclude by emphasizing the symbiotic relationship between medicinal plants and humans and the importance of interdisciplinary research to fully understand this relationship.The article "Medicinal Plants Meet Modern Biodiversity Science" by Charles C. Davis and Patrick Choisy highlights the importance of a holistic, interdisciplinary approach to studying medicinal plants. The authors argue that combining methods and insights from evolutionary ecology, molecular biology/biochemistry, and ethnopharmacology can facilitate breakthroughs in science, including the discovery of new pharmacological treatments and advancements in human health and well-being. They emphasize that traditional Indigenous knowledge is crucial in this interdisciplinary research, which contrasts with the simplified approaches of recent decades. The article discusses the challenges and opportunities in discovering and identifying medicinal plant species, the role of phylogenomics in understanding the origin and utility of medicinal plants, and the importance of integrating ethnopharmacological data. It also addresses the need for protecting medicinal plant biodiversity and the rights of Indigenous communities, who have intimate knowledge of these plants. The authors propose six actions to preserve bioculturally important medicinal plant species, including establishing germplasm repositories, expanding comparative genome sequencing, and preserving hotspots of biocultural heritage. They conclude by emphasizing the symbiotic relationship between medicinal plants and humans and the importance of interdisciplinary research to fully understand this relationship.