The Mediterranean diet (MeDi) is associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A study of 2,258 community-based individuals followed for 4 years found that higher adherence to the MeDi was linked to a lower risk of developing AD, with hazard ratios of 0.91 (95% CI 0.83–0.98) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.42–0.87) for the middle and highest tertiles, respectively. The MeDi, characterized by high intake of vegetables, fruits, legumes, and olive oil, and low intake of saturated fats, was associated with lower AD risk. The study adjusted for various factors including age, education, and APOE genotype. The results remained significant even after excluding subjects with mild cognitive impairment and those with less than 2 years of follow-up. The study also found that higher adherence to the MeDi was associated with slower cognitive decline. The findings suggest that the MeDi may play a role in reducing AD risk through its composite effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The study highlights the importance of dietary patterns in AD prevention, as opposed to individual nutrients. The results support the generalizability of the MeDi benefits across different populations. The study had limitations, including potential biases from missing data and the assumption of monotonic effects in the MeDi score. Despite these limitations, the study provides strong evidence that the MeDi is associated with a lower risk of AD and slower cognitive decline.The Mediterranean diet (MeDi) is associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A study of 2,258 community-based individuals followed for 4 years found that higher adherence to the MeDi was linked to a lower risk of developing AD, with hazard ratios of 0.91 (95% CI 0.83–0.98) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.42–0.87) for the middle and highest tertiles, respectively. The MeDi, characterized by high intake of vegetables, fruits, legumes, and olive oil, and low intake of saturated fats, was associated with lower AD risk. The study adjusted for various factors including age, education, and APOE genotype. The results remained significant even after excluding subjects with mild cognitive impairment and those with less than 2 years of follow-up. The study also found that higher adherence to the MeDi was associated with slower cognitive decline. The findings suggest that the MeDi may play a role in reducing AD risk through its composite effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The study highlights the importance of dietary patterns in AD prevention, as opposed to individual nutrients. The results support the generalizability of the MeDi benefits across different populations. The study had limitations, including potential biases from missing data and the assumption of monotonic effects in the MeDi score. Despite these limitations, the study provides strong evidence that the MeDi is associated with a lower risk of AD and slower cognitive decline.