The paper "Membrane Technologies in Wastewater Treatment: A Review" by Elorm Obotey Ezugbe and Sudesh Rathilal provides an in-depth analysis of membrane technology in wastewater treatment. The authors highlight the increasing demand for water resources due to population growth and the need to reduce over-exploitation of freshwater. They discuss the advantages and disadvantages of membrane technology, which has emerged as a preferred method for reclaiming water from various wastewater streams. The review covers different membrane technologies, including pressure-driven processes (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis), forward osmosis, electro-dialysis, and pervaporation. Each technology is evaluated based on its efficiency, energy requirements, and suitability for different wastewater types. The paper also addresses challenges such as membrane fouling and cleaning, and discusses hybrid membrane processes that combine multiple technologies to enhance performance. Finally, the authors provide recommendations for future research in the application of membrane technology for wastewater treatment.The paper "Membrane Technologies in Wastewater Treatment: A Review" by Elorm Obotey Ezugbe and Sudesh Rathilal provides an in-depth analysis of membrane technology in wastewater treatment. The authors highlight the increasing demand for water resources due to population growth and the need to reduce over-exploitation of freshwater. They discuss the advantages and disadvantages of membrane technology, which has emerged as a preferred method for reclaiming water from various wastewater streams. The review covers different membrane technologies, including pressure-driven processes (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis), forward osmosis, electro-dialysis, and pervaporation. Each technology is evaluated based on its efficiency, energy requirements, and suitability for different wastewater types. The paper also addresses challenges such as membrane fouling and cleaning, and discusses hybrid membrane processes that combine multiple technologies to enhance performance. Finally, the authors provide recommendations for future research in the application of membrane technology for wastewater treatment.