The chapter "Meta-Analytic Procedures for Social Research" by Robert Rosenthal discusses the importance of meta-analytic procedures in social research, addressing two sources of pessimism in the field: poor cumulation and small effects. The chapter provides an overview of early examples of meta-analytic procedures, including summarizing relationships, determining moderator variables, and establishing relationships through aggregate analysis. It highlights the current status of meta-analytic procedures and presents an empirical evaluation of their effectiveness. The author emphasizes the need for clear definitions of research results, focusing on effect sizes and statistical significance. Various types of effect size estimates are described, along with methods for dealing with multiple correlated results. The chapter also discusses the relationship between tests of significance and effect sizes, providing specific examples and formulas for calculating effect sizes. The author advocates for the use of effect size estimates alongside traditional tests of significance to enhance the precision and objectivity of research findings.The chapter "Meta-Analytic Procedures for Social Research" by Robert Rosenthal discusses the importance of meta-analytic procedures in social research, addressing two sources of pessimism in the field: poor cumulation and small effects. The chapter provides an overview of early examples of meta-analytic procedures, including summarizing relationships, determining moderator variables, and establishing relationships through aggregate analysis. It highlights the current status of meta-analytic procedures and presents an empirical evaluation of their effectiveness. The author emphasizes the need for clear definitions of research results, focusing on effect sizes and statistical significance. Various types of effect size estimates are described, along with methods for dealing with multiple correlated results. The chapter also discusses the relationship between tests of significance and effect sizes, providing specific examples and formulas for calculating effect sizes. The author advocates for the use of effect size estimates alongside traditional tests of significance to enhance the precision and objectivity of research findings.