Testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2) are sex-specific hormones produced in both males and females, playing crucial roles in metabolic regulation. As individuals age, reduced levels of T and E2 can lead to metabolic dysfunction and increase the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This review discusses the shared and distinct metabolic benefits of T and E2 in both sexes. In females, E2 is essential for bone and vascular health, subcutaneous fat distribution, skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, and mitochondrial function. T also contributes to female skeletal, vascular, and metabolic health. In males, T is converted to E2 and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which support bone and vascular health, prevent visceral fat accumulation, and enhance insulin sensitivity. Both hormones are important for metabolic homeostasis, with E2 promoting glucose and lipid homeostasis, mitochondrial function, and vascular health. T also improves insulin sensitivity and protects against metabolic syndrome in males. Both hormones are critical for maintaining metabolic balance, with E2 being more abundant in females and T more prevalent in males. However, their roles overlap in metabolic functions. Optimizing levels of both hormones may help prevent cardiometabolic disease and frailty in aging individuals. The study highlights the importance of understanding the sex-specific and shared benefits of T and E2 in metabolic function, emphasizing the need for further research to better understand their roles in health and disease.Testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2) are sex-specific hormones produced in both males and females, playing crucial roles in metabolic regulation. As individuals age, reduced levels of T and E2 can lead to metabolic dysfunction and increase the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This review discusses the shared and distinct metabolic benefits of T and E2 in both sexes. In females, E2 is essential for bone and vascular health, subcutaneous fat distribution, skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, and mitochondrial function. T also contributes to female skeletal, vascular, and metabolic health. In males, T is converted to E2 and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which support bone and vascular health, prevent visceral fat accumulation, and enhance insulin sensitivity. Both hormones are important for metabolic homeostasis, with E2 promoting glucose and lipid homeostasis, mitochondrial function, and vascular health. T also improves insulin sensitivity and protects against metabolic syndrome in males. Both hormones are critical for maintaining metabolic balance, with E2 being more abundant in females and T more prevalent in males. However, their roles overlap in metabolic functions. Optimizing levels of both hormones may help prevent cardiometabolic disease and frailty in aging individuals. The study highlights the importance of understanding the sex-specific and shared benefits of T and E2 in metabolic function, emphasizing the need for further research to better understand their roles in health and disease.